Study On The Merchants In Eastern Inner Mongolia In The Early 20th Century

The term "merchants in Mongolia" refers to "merchants,trade names and business gangs who were active in the Mongolian grassland in northern China and engaged in border trade activities from the early 17 th century to the late 1950 s." In the Qing Dynasty,it specially refers to Han businessmen from mainland provinces who specialized or mainly engaged in commercial and trade activities in Mengqi area.During the Kangxi period,when calming the riots in kardan,the feudal lord of Junggar,the Qing government organized some Shanxi businessmen to follow the Qing army and go deep into Mobei Mongolia,trafficking military supplies such as military grain,military horses,and doing Mongolian business.These merchants engaged in military trade were early merchants in Mongolia.Due to the single extensive nomadic economy of the Mongolian ethnic group,there is an urgent need for material supplement from the Central Plains Agricultural Area,and the Mongolian ethnic group’s own business is not very developed,so that these businessmen from the mainland have the opportunity to develop in Mongolia.The merchants in Mongolia were formed on the basis of ethnic trade.In the daily life and production of Mongolia,the nomadic economy cannot solve many of the items needed.It needs to exchange livestock,fur and local specialties for food,cloth and silk,salt,tobacco and alcohol,sugar,tea and iron produced in the mainland.At the beginning,it was traded in the form of barter,which is the most primitive trading form of merchants in Mongolia.In the long river of trade for many years,businessmen in Mongolia have also played a very important role in the development of Mongolia.It is difficult to do business in remote areas,and it will be difficult to do business.One is how to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement in the absence of currency.The second is how to smoothly transport live assets such as cattle,horses and sheep that are easy to lose fat and die and need food and grass and artificial feeding to the mainland under the condition of backward transportation and communication and low social security coefficient.Third,how to adapt to the mobile life of Mongolian herdsmen and carry out mobile trade.Based on these difficulties,Mongolian businessmen have also come up with a lot of solutions.They have gradually changed from a mobile business to a business,and they have mastered a complete operation and management system.Shuttling through the Mongolian grassland,the form of shoulder pole is gradually replaced.They are good at flattering Mongolian princes and nobles,so as to get their protection and become more handy in dealing with herdsmen.There are many research works on the subject of Mongolian businessmen,mostly from the economic and cultural changes of Mongolian businessmen.Moreover,many research works take the business activities of foreign Mongolian businessmen or Western Mongolian businessmen in Inner Mongolia as the research objectives.There is little research on the business in eastern Inner Mongolia,so I put the research goal of my graduation thesis on the general situation of the business in eastern Inner Mongolia.In order to explain their business activities more finely,I took Kailu County as an example.On the basis of previous studies,a large number of files and data are collected to fully explain the trade situation of Mongolian businessmen in eastern Inner Mongolia.The reason for this topic is that there is no more in-depth research,which is also the innovation of my paper.The first chapter mainly introduces the concept of merchants in Mongolia,the historical background and geographical conditions of their development in Inner Mongolia,as well as their business forms.So that people who don’t know much about Mongolian businessmen can have a deeper understanding of it.The second chapter mainly introduces the operation of Mongolian businessmen in Kailu County.Firstly,it introduces the name and reason of Kailu County,and then how Mongolian businessmen carry out commercial trade in Kailu County.The third chapter mainly focuses on the types of goods operated by Mongolian businessmen in Kailu County and how to transport the goods to Kailu area.In short,it is to write their transportation mode and purchase and sales mode.