A Study On The Postposition Of The Capital Of Manchurian Mandarin In The Qing Dynasty

In this paper,we take the Manchu-Chinese literature "Qing Wen Qimeng"(1730)and"Yong Yan Zhi Zhi"(1802)written by the Bannermen in the capital as the object of study.Compare them with the Bannermen’s novels and textbooks from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,and examine the survival of Manchu interference features in the Beijing bannermen’s literature with the postpositions "qu chu(去处)","li tou(里头)","shang tou(上头)"and "de shi hou(的时候)"as the entry point.We found that the usage of the postpositions in Bannermen’s Chinese basically followed the existing usage in Chinese,such as "qu chu(去处)" for premises,things,and certain aspects of things,"li tou(里头)"for inside,internal,and within a certain period of time,"shang tou(上头)"for superior,object,and scope,and "de shi hou(的时候)" for the temporal meaning of an existing event and the hypothetical meaning of an unexisting event.The usage of"shang tou(上头)" refers to the upper position,object,and scope,and the usage of "de shi hou(的时候)"in the sense of time and assumption in the sense of the event that has already happened.Secondly,comparing the Qing Dynasty Bannermen’s and non-Bannermen’s documents,as well as the "Yi Bai Tiao" series of documents,we found the special usage of Bannermen’s Chinese postpositions,such as"qu chu(去处)" indicates for conditions,aspects,things,"li tou(里头)"for mutual relations within a certain range,and the attitude toward others,"shang tou(上头)"for reasons,and "de shi hou(的时候)"for topicalization.Then the special use of the Bannermen’s Chinese postpositions concentrated in the literature of Manchu-Chinese language combination.Based on the collation of Manchu and Chinese,we can find in the Bannermen’s Chinese postpositions mostly related to time,space meaning of words,and the corresponding Manchu language is also more time,place postpositions,grammatical words,such as de,jakade,etc..At the same time,it can be found that Zhu Guanming(2018)said "transplantation" phenomenon in the Manchu-Chinese combined literature,out of analogy psychological mechanism,so that"qu chu(去处)","li tou(里头)","shang tou(上头)"and"de shi hou(的时候)"have acquired new meanings in the Manchu-Chinese correspondence.Finally,comparing different stages and types of Qing dynasty Bannermen’s literature,such as the Manchu-Chinese combined literature of the mid-to early Qing dynasty and the Bannermen’s novels and textbooks of the mid-to late Qing dynasty,we find that the special usage of"qu chu(去处)","li tou(里头)",and "shang tou(上头)".The special usage of "qu chu(去处)","li tou(里头)" and "shang tou(上头)"has not been preserved in Bannermen’s Chinese,but the usage of "shang tou(上头)" that indicates the reason is more widely used than the other two,and it was still used in Bannermen’s novels in the mid-nineteenth century,indicating its short life.The special usage of "de shi hou(的时候)"was preserved in Bannermen’s Chinese,but the usage of marking topics also gradually declined.