A Research On The Management Of The River In Huaiqing City In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Beijing was the capital of Ming and Qing Dynasties,attaching importance to water transportation,and river management were also paid attention to,and river management served for water transportation.Later,with the serious flooding,the river management agency gradually separated from the water transportation and developed into an independent management system.The governments of the Ming and Qing Dynasties adopted the technologies of comprehensive treatment of upstream and downstream,they drained the river and make embankment.Huaiqing City was a key area for the country to manage the Yellow River.In Huaiqing City,the Qin River was replenished with water from the Wei River to ensure the water transport.Pan Jixun’s Technical strategy of "Building embankments to consolidate river defenses and flushing sediment with river water" was adopted by Huaiqing City.Wu Zhi put forward an idea that immigrant should avoid floods,which embodies the dilemma that the state has repeatedly repaired the Wuzhi Yellow River but has not achieved good results.The Ming and Qing governments established a complete river management system.The government led the construction of local river embankments,and distributed the embankment funds.The government established a fund management system and annual repair system and a worker management system.Dam construction,maintenance and emergency repairs are effectively managed,so the river defense facilities in Huaiqing City were of good quality.The private dikes and the official dikes in Huaiqing City are staggered.Huaiqing government officials repaired the river embankment to ensure the safety of downstream water transportation,and also demonstrated the governance ability of the rulers of the feudal dynasty.The private river defenses are funded by the people and managed by the local gentry,and sometimes government assistance is required to co-organize.The management structure is simple and the governance method is closer to the interests of the people.In the late Qing Dynasty,river affairs were localized,and Huaiqing City established a river defense management system run by officials and gentry.Both the official embankment and the private river defenses have their own problems in management.The government-run dikes have problems such as maladministration of river workers,aggravating the flooding of the Yellow River,and increasing the burden on the people.The management of river defense requires the joint action of officials and the people,and the management and defense of the Yellow River also need to adapt to the natural environment and continuously improve the system.