| Kaifeng is a famous historical and cultural city in China. It’s called "Eight Dynasties" and it’s on the list of "Chinese eight ancient capitals". Nowadays, a lot of reserchers always pay more attention to Kaifeng’s glory days. But, if we want to have a comprehensive analysis on Kaifeng, we should know either it’s glory days or it’s declining days. So that we could know the reason why it became declining. This article attempt to use the historical geography knowledge to study the Kaifeng city geography problems in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Kaifeng is located in the shore of the Yellow River, the bustling prosperity is closely linked with the Yellow River. For thousands of years in the Yellow River,Kaifeng steeped water several times, not only make the local residents, starving people fill the land and become destitute and homeless, but also a lot of sediment of the Yellow River water may change the geological environment in Kaifeng city, a great influence on the development of Kaifeng city. Therefore, to explore the development, prosperity and decline of the Kaifeng through the interpretation of the changes of the Yellow River.During the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng as the land of Zhou king, the king of Zhou and their children in the town of Kaifeng build much palace, so that Kaifeng City Palace blossom everywhere, has great impact on the development of the industry structure layout and the city of Kaifeng. In addition, many of the royal families and like to sing poetry, the development of Kaifeng city culture and art has played a certain role in promoting, enrich the daily life of Kaifeng residents.In the Qing Dynasty, the rulers of Qing Dynasty in order to prevent against Han Chinese in Kaifeng city built specifically for the Eight Banners garrison soldiers and their families living practice "man people city"."Man people city" construction is not only the city space in Kaifeng is divided into Man and Han, and an invisible of the "Berlin wall" effect on the development of the city of Kaifeng was built in a series of problems in cultural exchanges. Kaifeng existing walls built in the early Ming Dynasty, then had destroyed was war and flood, and repeated construction. The city wall of Kaifeng not only has the protection of Kaifeng city functions, but also in the correct city street layout plays an important role, in addition, whenever the flood invaded the city, Kaifeng city wall is also a strong "flood protection embankment".Kaifeng as the capital city of Henan Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city has built various department offices, Confucious’temple and many religious sites. Such as the government compound is authority supreme represents the dynasty, thus building tall and dignified, inviolable. The government has to have the property, adsorbability enough to attract a large number of residents and traders in the surrounding residential business, thereby promoting the development of the city of Kaifeng objectively. Kaifeng City, Confucious’temple and other places of worship is the main site of various religious activities, plays an irreplaceable role in guiding the people’s spiritual life, in effect, at the same time, regular or irregular temple also provides conditions for the trade, has an important influence on the city of Kaifeng city well life.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Kaifeng economic recovery, development cannot do without Kaifeng internal and external developed transportation, a plurality of water line in Kaifeng as a starting point or destination, the Quartet to attract traders to trade. Kaifeng city distribution of many commercial guild also reflected from the side of the Kaifeng city commercial trade developed. Kaifeng around the town of Kaifeng business improvement plays an important supporting role, especially in the city of Kaifeng south of the Zhuxian Town with its favorable conditions of water and land transportation plays a Kaifeng city ferry terminal, promoted the development of Kaifeng commercial trade. |
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