Anti-caner And Cancer Prevention Of Soybean Lecithin

Objective（s）:Phospholipids are major components of biological membranes and can affect the fluidity and stability of cell membranes,further influencing the biological behaviour of cells.In our previous study,we found that soy phospholipids can affect the proliferation of cancer cells.In this study,we investigated the value of soy phospholipids in tumour prevention by using animal chemotoxicity assay to observe the effect of soy phospholipids on benzo（a）pyrene and oxazomethane（AOM）induced tumourigenesis in animals.A cellular malignant transformation assay was used to observe the effect of soy phospholipids on benzo（a）pyrene-induced malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells to understand its effect on tumourigenesis at the cellular level.In vitro cell proliferation assay and clone formation assay were used to observe the effect of soy phospholipids on the proliferation and clone formation of cancer cells to understand its anti-cancer value.This study may provide scientific information for the use of soy phospholipids for tumour prevention and for precise nutritional assistance in the treatment of cancer patients.Methods:1.In vitro anti-cancer assay was used to detect the effect of soy phospholipids on the proliferation of A549,SPC-A1,HCT116,Hep G2,SGC7901,H460,XWLC05,T24,U251,CNE2 and other cancer cells in vitro,and further observe the time-effect relationship of soy phospholipids on the proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells.3.A plate cloning assay was used to observe the effect of soy phospholipids on the clone formation of HCT116 cells.4.A scratch assay was used to observe the effect of soy phospholipids on the migration effect of HCT116 cells.5.The effect of soy phospholipids on the malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells induced by benzo（a）pyrene（BaP）in vitro was observed using a malignant transformation assay.6.To observe the effect of soy phospholipids on benzo（a）pyrene-induced tumorigenesis in mice of the Kunming species using a carcinogen-induced tumor assay.7.To observe the effect of soy phospholipids on colorectal tumour formation induced by the specific colonic genotoxic carcinogen oxazoxymethane（AOM）in C57BL/6J mice using a carcinogen-induced tumour assay in mice.Results:1.Soy phospholipids at doses of 200μg/ml and 400μg/ml had a proliferative effect on A549,XWLC05,H460,HCT116 and T24（P<0.01）;at doses of 600μg/ml and above had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of all cancer cells（P<0.01）,and there was a dose-effect relationship.2.The half-inhibitory concentrations(IC₅₀)of soy phospholipids on H460,SPC-A1,HCT116,U251,CNE2,A549,Hep G2,T24,SGC7901 and XWLC05 were647.7μg/ml,426.2μg/ml,411.7μg/ml,475.5μg/ml,458.9μg/ml,763.2μg/ml,460.3μg/ml,569μg/ml,851.7μg/ml,769.9μg/ml,which were all smaller than the IC₅₀ of normal epithelial cell line BEAS-2B（918.5μg/ml）.Soy phospholipids had selective inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation,and HCT116 was the most sensitive cell line.3.At doses of 200,400,600,800,1000 and 1200μg/ml,the proliferation inhibition rates of soy phospholipids on HCT116 cells at 24h were-7.69%,16.48%,23%,27.33%,35.3%and 44.39%respectively;at 48h the proliferation inhibition rates were-1.54%,16.95%,40.65%The proliferation inhibition rates at 48h were-1.54%,16.95%,40.65%,70.07%,85.12%and 95.5%;at 72h were-2.49%,28.98%,81.9%,97.78%,99.93%and 100.15%.The inhibition of proliferation of HCT116 cells by soy phospholipids had dose-effect and time-effect relationships.4.The inhibition rate of clone formation of HCT116 cells was-13.9%,69.2%and 100%after 14 days of treatment with soy phospholipids at three concentrations of200,400 and 600μg/ml,respectively.Soy phospholipids at 200μg/ml had a promoting effect on HCT116 cell clone formation（P<0.01）,and at 400μg/ml and600μg/ml had an inhibiting effect on HCT116 cell clone formation（P<0.01）.There was a dose-effect relationship between the effect of soy phospholipids on the clone formation of HCT116 cells.5.The cell migration rates of HCT116 cells were 35.53%,25.15%,24.81%at24h and 66.43%,48.96%,40.27%at 48h under the effect of soy phospholipids at 200,400 and 600μg/ml,respectively.At 48h,soy phospholipids were able to promote cell migration at a dose of 200μg/ml and inhibit it at 400μg/ml and 600μg/ml,with a time and dose-effect relationship.6.The treatment with benzo（a）pyrene caused more obvious morphological changes in BEAS-2B cells,while the cells in the soy phospholipid group and the combined effect of soy phospholipid and benzo（a）pyrene showed no obvious morphological changes.7.The migration rates of BEAS-2B cells in the negative control,benzo（a）pyrene,soy phospholipid and combined soy phospholipid and benzo（a）pyrene groups were35.99%,32.75%,17.87%and 31.37%at 12h,53.11%,66.32%,29.87%and 50.90%at 24h and 36h,respectively.were 64.94%,94.89%,32.20%and 58.96%respectively.The cell migration rate of benzo（a）pyrene was significantly higher than that of the negative control group（P<0.01）,the cell migration rate of the soy phospholipid group was lower than that of the negative control group,and the cell migration rate of the combined group of soy phospholipid and benzo（a）pyrene was slightly higher than that of the negative control group（P<0.05）,but lower than that of the benzo（a）pyrene group（P<0.01）.8.In the cell migration assay,the number of migrating cells in the negative control,benzo（a）pyrene,soy phospholipid and combined soy phospholipid and benzo（a）pyrene groups were 131.67±9.74,250±34.59,128±8.6 and 227.33±22.98cells,respectively.The number of migrating cells in both benzo（a）pyrene and combined groups was higher than that in the negative control group（P<0.01）,the number of migrating cells in the combined group was slightly lower than that in the benzo（a）pyrene group（P<0.05）,and the number of migrating cells in the soy phospholipid group was not different from that in the negative control group.9.In the cell invasion assay,the number of invading cells in the negative control group,benzo（a）pyrene group,soy phospholipid group and combined group of soy phospholipid and benzo（a）pyrene were 6.67±1.25,62.33±5.91,9±1.63 and25.33±2.87,respectively.The differences between the benzo（a）pyrene and combined groups and the negative control group were statistically significant（P<0.01）,and the number of invading cells in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the benzo（a）pyrene group（P<0.01）.In the AOM-induced colorectal tumour experiment in C57BL/6J mice,the incidence rates in the 0.1%,0.5%and 1%soy phospholipid intervention groups and the AOM group were 25%,30%,42.86%and 50%,respectively,with statistically significant differences compared to the negative control group（P<0.01）.The differences between the dose groups were not statistically significant.11.In the benzo（a）pyrene-induced tumour experiment in Kunming breed mice,the incidence of lung adenomas in the 0.1%,0.5%,1%soy phospholipid intervention and benzo（a）pyrene groups were 55%,52.38%,50%and 52.17%,respectively,with statistically significant differences compared to the negative control group（P<0.01）.The difference between the groups was not statistically significant.1%soy phosphatidylcholine intervention group had a higher incidence of pulmonary adenoma in females（75%）than in males（25%）,with a statistically significant difference（P<0.01）.0.1%soy phosphatidylcholine intervention group had a higher incidence of pulmonary adenoma in females（75%）than in males（25%）,with a statistically significant difference（P<0.01）.1%soy phosphatidylcholine The incidence of pulmonary adenoma was 75%in females in the intervention group and 36.36%in males in the benzo（a）pyrene group,respectively,with a statistically significant difference（P<0.05）.Conclusion（s）:1.Soy phospholipids have proliferation inhibitory effect on cancer cells at concentrations above 600μg/ml.2.Soy phospholipids have different effects on the proliferation inhibition of different cancer cells,and different cancer cells have different sensitivity to them,with HCT116 cells having the strongest sensitivity to soy phospholipids.3.The proliferation inhibitory effect of soy phospholipids on HCT116 cells had a dose-and-time-effect relationship.4.Benzo（a）pyrene was able to induce malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells.5.Soy phospholipids did not induce malignant transformation of BEAS-2B.6.Soy phospholipids inhibited the malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells induced by benzo（a）pyrene.7.AOM induced colorectal tumours in C57BL/6J mice.8.Soy phospholipids did not affect the induction of colorectal tumours in C57BL/6J mice by AOM.9.Benzo（a）pyrene induced tumour formation,mainly lung adenoma,in Kunming breed mice with sex differences.10.Soy phospholipids had no effect on benzo（a）pyrene-induced tumorigenesis in Kunming breed mice,but there were gender differences.