| ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to understand the level of infectious disease health literacy,health education needs,and service status of health care providers for children aged 0-6 in the main urban areas of Chongqing through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods,analyze the current problems and influencing factors in infectious disease health education services for children aged 0-6,and develop strategies to optimize infectious disease health education Provide data support and theoretical basis for improving the level of infectious disease health literacy and health education service capabilities of health care providers for children aged 0-6.Methods1.Questionnaire methodIn order to understand the level of infectious disease health literacy and health education needs of health caregivers for children aged 0-6 in the main urban area of Chongqing,a simple sampling method was used.Five urban areas were selected based on geographical distribution,including Shapingba,Yubei,Jiulongpo,Banan,and Nan’an.Two community health service centers were selected from each urban area,and medical staff from each community health service center were evaluated Conduct online questionnaire surveys among kindergarten teachers and parents of children aged 0-6 in their jurisdiction.2.Semi-structured interviewUsing a semi-structured interview method,a survey was conducted on the current situation and demand suggestions of infectious disease health education among 0-6 year old children’s health caregivers in the main urban area of Chongqing,including parents of 0-6 year old children,community preventive health care personnel,and kindergarten health teachers.3.Data analysis methods(1)Quantitative data statistical analysisThe data were collated according to the relevant indicators,and the questionnaire survey data were downloaded to EXCEL to establish a database.After checking and checking,SPSS26.0 statistical software was used for data processing.If the measurement data obeyed the normal distribution,it was expressed as(x±s).The statistical description usage rate(%)of the count data was expressed.Statistical inference mainly used χ2 test,variance analysis,and Logistic regression analysis.P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.(2)Qualitative data analysisAfter listening to the interview recording verbatim and verifying the original manuscript,the interview data text was analyzed using the Microword Cloud word frequency analysis tool,and then the data was summarized and themed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results1.Research results of infectious disease health literacy(1)A total of 3044 people participated in the survey,including 2676 children’s parents,275 community medical staff and 93 children’s health teachers.The results showed that the overall health literacy level of infectious diseases among health caregivers of children aged 0-6 years in the main urban area of Chongqing was 48.00%,of which knowledge literacy was 46.81%,behavior literacy was 63.86%,and skill literacy was 54.14%.Among the three types of child health caregivers,the level of infectious disease health literacy of community medical staff(71.27%)was higher than that of child health teachers(52.69%)and parents(45.44%)(P<0.05).Among the scores of each item,’whether antibiotics are effective in the treatment of mumps’,’active learning of infectious disease health protection knowledge’ and ’effective acquisition of infectious disease protection knowledge’ were the items with the lowest knowledge score,behavior score and skill score.(2)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,occupation,and family doctor contract signing were the influencing factors for the overall population’s infectious disease health literacy.Women have higher levels of infectious disease health literacy than men(OR=1.250,95%CI:1.024,1.526).As the population ages,the level of infectious disease health literacy also increases.The level of infectious disease health literacy in the 31 to 39 year old age group and the≥ 40 year old age group is 1.490 times(OR=1.490,95%CI:1.227,1.811)and 2.237 times(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.711,2.926)higher than that in the ≤0 year old age group,respectively.People with college/undergraduate,master’s degree,and above have higher health literacy than people with junior high school or below education,with OR values of 1.896(95%CI:1.394,2.579)and 2.610(95%CI:1.732,3.934),respectively.Taking the unemployed/unemployed population as a reference,employees of state organs/institutions and enterprises/companies have higher health literacy in infectious diseases,with OR values of 4.440(95%CI:2.786,7.076)and 1.867(95%CI:1.185,2.941),respectively.As the monthly income increases,the health literacy of the population with infectious diseases also increases.The health literacy of the population with a monthly income of 15000 to 20000 yuan and≥20000 yuan is 1.537 times(OR=1.537,95%CI:1.098,2.150)and 2.061 times(OR=2.061,95%CI:1.484,2.862),respectively,compared to the population with a monthly income of<5000 yuan.The level of infectious disease health literacy among contracted family doctors is higher than that of non contracted individuals,with an OR value of 1.652(95%CI:1.393,1.961).2.Research results of health education needs for infectious diseases(1)Among the knowledge requirements for infectious diseases,norovirus infectious diarrhea was the highest(71.91%),followed by bacterial dysentery(70.14%)and pulmonary tuberculosis(69.94%).In terms of educational content,the highest demand rate is for prevention methods of infectious diseases(87.35%),followed by transmission routes(81.11%)and emergency treatment(74.31%).In terms of educational forms,brochures were the most popular(72.80%),followed by WeChat apps/official account(65.34%)and watching videos(58.11%).(2)Research objects with different demographic characteristics have different needs for health education on infectious diseases.Except for rabies,the demand for disease knowledge among women was higher than that among men(P<0.05);men prefer web pages/browsers for self-study,while women prefer WeChat apps/official account for health knowledge(P<0.05).The demand rate for infectious disease health education content in all segments of the 40 year old age group is lower than that in the ≤30 year old age group(P<0.05).Among the different types of respondents,community medical personnel had higher demands on the clinical manifestations,treatment methods,and related knowledge of infectious diseases than preschool teachers and parents(P<0.05).Except for tuberculosis,the knowledge requirements of contracted family doctors on the other nine infectious diseases were higher than those of non contracted people(P<0.05).3.Qualitative research results of infectious disease health educationA total of 34 people participated in the interview(15 children’s parents,9 community preventive health care medical personnel,and 10 preschool health care teachers).Summarize and extract the interview content,and obtain the following research results:(1)Epidemic situation of infectious diseases and vaccination among children aged 0-6① Infectious diseases are still common in children aged 0-6,with 53.33%of surveyed parents stating that their children have previously been infected with infectious diseases,including hand,foot and mouth disease,herpetic angina,and rotavirus infected diarrhea;After the COVID-19 epidemic,the incidence rate of infectious diseases in children has declined,including respiratory infectious diseases.②The first type of vaccination for children aged 0-6 is generally better(≥90%),while the second type of vaccination varies greatly among different families,urban areas,and vaccine varieties.Families with stronger parental awareness and higher income have higher vaccination rates for children,with higher vaccination rates for urban areas and schools,as well as higher rates for combination vaccines,chickenpox vaccines,and hand,foot,and mouth vaccines.(2)Status quo of infectious disease health education services for health carers for children aged 0-6At present,health education on infectious diseases for health care providers of children aged 0-6 focuses on children’s vaccination and health protection against common infectious diseases,usually in the form of health lectures,data distribution,SMS push,Internet health communication,autonomous learning,etc.,among which autonomous learning through mobile phone network is an important way for health care providers to strengthen their own education.Different types of child health caregivers have different educational targets.Community healthcare personnel mainly target two groups:parents and early childhood health teachers.Early childhood health teachers mainly target children aged 3-6 and parents,while parents mainly provide relevant health education for their own children.Infectious disease health education has played a positive role in improving the vaccination rate of children aged 0-6 in the main urban area of Chongqing and reducing the incidence of infectious diseases in children.However,there are also weak links,especially in guiding the population to effectively obtain health knowledge related training.(3)Problems in infectious disease health education services for health carers for children aged 0-6The problems faced by health caregivers for children aged 0-6 include:insufficient number of full-time health education personnel,insufficient ability and quality of teaching personnel,poor crowd support and cooperation,unclear advantages of contracted services for children’s family doctors,incomplete teaching materials,insufficient attractiveness of communication forms,lack of effective evaluation feedback,and misleading behavior of others.The difficulties faced by different groups of people vary.Among them,the insufficient number of health education personnel is the main problem faced by community medical staff,insufficient cooperation from parents is the main problem faced by early childhood health teachers,and misleading behavior from others is the main problem faced by parents of children.(4)Factors influencing the effectiveness of health education on infectious diseases among health carers for children aged 0-6The attitudes of parents,policy support,social environment,teaching personnel,teaching methods,textbook content,hardware equipment,and leadership attention are the influencing factors of the effectiveness of infectious disease health education for children aged 0-6.Among them,parental attitudes,social environment,and teaching methods are the three most important factors that affect the health education of infectious diseases among children’s parents;Policy support,parental attitudes,and educators are the three most important factors that affect the effectiveness of infectious disease health education for community healthcare workers;The attitude of parents,social environment,and policy support are the three most important factors that affect the effectiveness of infectious disease health education among preschool health teachers.Effective interventions should be implemented to address important factors that affect the effectiveness of infectious disease health education for children aged 0-6.(5)Suggestions on the needs of health care providers for children aged 0-6 for infectious disease health education servicesHealth caregivers for children aged 0-6 have a high demand for infectious disease health education,mainly manifested in strengthening the construction of health education talents,increasing national policy support,improving the construction of teaching materials,strengthening social propaganda and education,innovating communication forms,and improving infrastructure construction.Parents of children have a greater demand for strengthening vaccination policy support and strengthening social health education on infectious diseases.Community medical staff have a great demand for optimizing the structure of grassroots infectious disease health education personnel and strengthening their own education and training.Preschool health teachers have a great demand for strengthening their own health education and training efforts,and improving the construction of teaching materials.Improving the ability of health caregivers for children aged 0-6 to provide infectious disease health education services requires the joint efforts of multiple sectors of society.The government should strengthen the policy and financial support,the social level needs to strengthen the publicity and report on the harm of infectious diseases,community hospitals should reasonably allocate health education personnel according to the number of kindergartens in their jurisdiction,kindergartens need to strengthen their own education capacity,and children’s parents need to strengthen the awareness of active learning.Conclusion1.The overall level of infectious disease health literacy among children aged 0-6 in the main urban area of Chongqing is relatively high(48.00%),but the knowledge and skill literacy of infectious diseases still need to be further improved;Gender,age,education background,occupation,monthly income,and the signing status of family doctors are the main influencing factors.It is necessary to strengthen health education on infectious diseases for male,≤30 years old,low-income,low cultural level,unemployed/unemployed,and rural groups.The signing service of family doctors is beneficial for improving the health literacy of the population with infectious diseases,but the accuracy and attractiveness of the signing service content for children aged 0-6 still need to be strengthened.2.The health care providers of children aged 0-6 in the main urban areas of Chongqing have a high demand for health education on infectious diseases.Prevention methods and transmission channels are the most popular education contents,and brochures,WeChat apps/official account are the most popular forms of education.Targeted health education strategies should be developed based on the characteristics and needs of the target population.3.Currently,infectious disease health education has achieved positive results in increasing the vaccination rate of children aged 0-6 and reducing the incidence of infectious diseases.However,it also faces many problems.The insufficient number of full-time health education personnel,insufficient cooperation from parents,and misleading behavior from others are the main problems faced by community medical staff,early childhood health teachers,and parents of children.Health education on infectious diseases among children aged 0-6 needs to increase national policy support and training for health education personnel,strengthen the construction of health education textbooks and internet health science popularization resource databases,implement the integration of medical prevention and education,and promote multi-level coordination and linkage among multiple departments such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,the Education Commission,street offices,community hospitals,kindergartens,and families. |
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