Analysis Of Epidemiological Characteristics And Causes Of Death In Premature Infants In Guangdong During 2015-2020

BackgroundMortality in children is an important indicator to measure the health level of children in a country.Therefore,reducing motality of children is a key component of the national Sustainable Development Goals.Preterm birth associated complications are the leading causes of death in children younger than 5 years and newborns.Recent years,with the development of perinatal medicine,the birth rate of preterm birth is increasing year by year.How to reduce preterm mortality is a diffcult task for pediatricians.Guangdong Province belongs to the economically developed regions of China.The quality and quantity of population are directly related to the national economy.So far,studies of large sample and multi-center research data on the epidemiological characteristics and cause analysis of premature death remain scarce.ObjectivesTo provide effective prevention and intervention measures for reducing the mortality of preterm infants through a retrospective analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and causes of mortality in preterm infants in Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2020.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted with the data of newborns from the Under-5 Child Mortality Surveillance System of Guangdong Province,Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Annual Report between 2016 and 2021 induding birth regions,gestational age,birth weight,causes of death,etc..with the data listed,we are going to analysis the incidence and mortality of preterm infants and discuss the association between clinical data and causes of death.Meanwhile,Pearson test was used to analyse the correlation between Gross domestic product(GDP)per capita and the incidence of preterm infants in Guangdong province from 2015 to 2020.Results1.Incidence of preterm infants:During 2015-2020,the birth rate of preterm infants in Guangdong Province increased from 4.81%to 5.95%.The total birth rates of preterm infants in Pearl River Delta,Eastern Guangdong region,Western Guangdong region and Northern Guangdong region had also demonstrated an upward trend.2.The correlation between the incidence of preterm birth and GDP:The incidence of preterm birth was positivel y correlated with GDP(P<0.01).3.Mortality,rate in preterm infants:During 2015-2020,the Total mortality rate of preterm infants in Guangdong Province was 1 3.4‰.With the increasing of years,the total mortality rates of preterm in fants showed a downward trend year by year4.Mortality of preterm infants in different regions:the mortality of preterm infants monitored in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2020 was significantly different from that of preterm infants living in the Pearl River Delta region(P<0.01).5.From 2015 to 2020 the proportioms of premature deaths at 28-<32 weeks,32-<34weeks,and 34-<37 weeks in Guangdong were 49.44%,14.81%,and 37.75%,respectively.In general,the proportions of premature deaths at 28-<32 weeks and 32-<34 weeks decreased by 8.39%and 5.05%,respectively,while the proportion of premature deaths at 34-<36 weeks increased by 9.52%.6.From 2015 to 2020,the top five causes of death of preterm infants in Guangdong Province were asphyxia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,congenital anomaly,pneumonia and sepsis.Conclusions1.During 2015-2020,the incidence of preterm infants in Guangdong Province showed an increasing trend year by year,while the mortality rate showed a decreasing trend year by year.The birth rates and mortality of preterm infants are related to the economic level of the region.2.Birth asphyxia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,congenital anomaly,pneumonia,and sepsis are the five main causes of mortality in premature infants.