Analysis Of Risk Factors,Complications And Death Causes Of Preterm Infants

Objective To explore the high-risk factors,common complications,and main causes of death of preterm infants in the neonatal department of Anhui Provincial Hospital in order to provide effective prevention and treatment measures to reduce morbidity,mortality,and improve long-term prognosis in preterm infants.Method Design "Anhui Provincial Hospital neonatal ward hospitalized preterm children survey registration form",to collect preterm infants' clinical data from January 1,2013 to December 31,2016,and analyzed the high risk factors of preterm birth.Common complications and causes of death in preterm infants.Use SPSS 19.0 software to process the data.Result There were 2,794 premature infants with 98 deaths,with a total mortality rate of 3.51%.The case fatality rates in 2013,2014,2015 and 2016 were 4.36%,3.79%,3.48% and 2.80% respectively.The mortality rate of premature SGA was 8.10%,and the mortality rate of premature LGA was 2.22%.The top five causes of premature infants were Hyaline membrane disease(27.55%),Infectious diseases(20.41%),asphyxia(14.29%),Congenital birth defects(11.22%)and Pulmonary hemorrhage(9.18%).The most common risk factors for preterm with SGA are: Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy(44.92%,OR=5.757),Multiple pregnancies(33.49%,OR=3.729),Umbilical cord abnormalities(25.87%,OR=8.782),Abnormal placenta(20.95%,OR=4.248),Premature rupture of membranes(20.16%,OR = 2.228),Advanced pregnancy(18.57%,OR = 3.549),Infection of pregnant women(15.71%,OR = 32.96),Intrauterine distress(9.68%,OR = 4.822).The most common risk factors for preterm with LGA were Gestational diabetes mellitus(19.96%,OR=6.215),Advanced pregnancy(9.93%,OR=1.463).The common complications of preterm with SGA were Infectious diseases(55.87%,OR=1.405),Asphyxia(38.17%,OR=5.499),NRDS(28.25%,OR=5.318),Intracranial hemorrhage(15.24,OR=3.963),Hypoglycemia(15.24%,OR= 1.877),Anemia(14.29%,OR=1.383),congenital malformations(13.81%,OR=1.877),Jaundice(13.02%,OR=1.379),Cholestasis(9.52%,OR=2.557),feeding intolerance(6.35%,OR=2.536),and pulmonary hemorrhage(4.29%,OR=7.092).The common complications of preterm with LGA were Asphyxiation(16.67%,OR=1.775),hypoglycemia(15.24%,OR=2.035),NRDS(13.33%,OR=2.007).Conclusion The gestational age and birth weight of premature infants are significantly related to the type and prognosis of complications.Preterm with SGA and preterm with LGA have different risk factors.Common complications and prognosis are also different.Preterm with SGA has poorer prognosis and higher mortality than preterm with LGA.Prenatal screening and perinatal health care for high-risk pregnancies should be strengthened,asphyxiation and resuscitation techniques,respiratory management,and infection control should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of preterm birth,reduce premature infant complications,reduce mortality,and improve prognosis.