| Objective: To understand the current situation and factors affecting the occurrence of overweight and obesity among college students,to analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)and nutritional intervention on the physical health of overweight and obese college students and their interaction,and to provide a reference basis for formulating measures to prevent and improve obesity among university students,guiding physical education reform and improving the physical health of medical students.Methods:From October 17 th to October 21 st,2021,5852 first-year and second-year undergraduate students of a medical college in Xinjiang were selected as the research objects by cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on the current physical activity status of college students..From March to May 2022,71 overweight and obese college students were recruited from a medical college in Xinjiang,randomly divided into 4 groups according to BMI,including 16 in the control group,19 in the pure exercise group,and 15 in the pure nutrition group,21 in the combined exercise and nutrition intervention group.;finally 53 participants completed the whole intervention study,including 11 in the control group,15 in the simple exercise group,11 in the simple nutrition group,and 16 in the combined exercise and nutrition intervention group,the whole process participation rate was 74.65%.The exercise intervention group took HIIT exercise,3 times a week,for8 weeks;the nutrition intervention group took the dietary guidance for the first 3 weeks and We Chat platform pushes healthy eating education throughout;In the combined exercise and nutrition intervention group,the exercise intervention(HIIT exercise,3 times a week for 8 weeks)was combined with the nutrition intervention(dietary guidance for the first 3 weeks and education on healthy eating through the We Chat platform).After 8 weeks of intervention,the groups were tested on physical form,physical function,body composition and psychological items,and the main effects of the combined HIIT exercise and nutrition intervention on the physical and mental health of overweight and obese university students and their interaction effects were analysed using a causal design.Results:(1)The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors for the health of medical students were female,fathers with technical secondary and high school education levels,liking and very fond of sports activities,regular participation in physical exercise,regular life in order to keep themselves energetic,satisfaction with the curriculum categories set by the school’s physical education program,and teachers influencing students’ physical education awareness and physical behavior(P<0.05);risk factors for physical health of medical students were father’s education level of master’s degree,mother’s education level of secondary,high school or college,no time to keep oneself energetic,moderate sweating,heavy sweating per exercise level and family influencing students’ physical education awareness and physical education behavior(P<0.05).(2)After 8 weeks of intervention,the body mass of the pure exercise group,the pure nutrition group and the combined sports nutrition intervention group all decreased significantly [(2.19±1.88),(3.38±1.37),(4.78±1.61)kg],and waist circumference was significantly lower in the combined exercise and nutrition intervention group compared with the control group [(4.52 ± 3.44)cm](P<0.05);exercise significantly reduced the visceral fat area of college students [(10.60±4.17)cm2](P<0.05);exercise significantly reduced systolic blood pressure [(14.06±5.48)mm Hg](P<0.05);the joint intervention of exercise and nutrition made the obsessive-compulsive symptoms of college students slightly aggravated and had an interactive effect(P<0.05),and could treat overweight and obese college students’ symptoms other than obsessive-compulsive symptoms psychological changes have a positive impact on stability.Conclusions:(1)First-year and second-year undergraduates lacked awareness of professional exercise,awareness of nutritional intake control,and lack of subjective exercise motivation.(2)After analysis,it was found that HIIT exercise(3 times/week,a total of 8 weeks)and nutritional intervention had an effect on the body shape,body composition,lung function,heart rate and blood pressure of overweight and obese college students,but there was no interaction.HIIT exercise has significance in promoting the physical and mental health of overweight and obese college students,but it is necessary to further consider the weekly exercise intensity,time and times in combination with the actual situation of the individual to determine the best plan.In terms of nutrition intervention,in this study,the nutritional intervention method based on daily diet guidance and health nutrition knowledge education is still limited for overweight and obese college students.Schools need to take the initiative to scientifically manage the diet that students have access to on campus,and strengthen the education on nutrition and health knowledge,beliefs and behaviors to form healthy eating habits to further improve the physical and mental health of college students. |
PDF Full Text Request