| Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in school-age women,to guide clinical work,to pay attention to weight management during pregnancy,to reduce pregnancy complications,and to optimize pregnancy outcomes.Methods: The parturients who gave birth in the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities from January 1,2021 to December 31,2021 were selected.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the eligible parturients could be divided into three groups according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI).Underweight group(n=101),normal weight group(n=378),overweight and obesity group(n=128),each group can be divided into underweight group,appropriate weight gain group,and weight gain group according to the recommended weight gain during pregnancy.Repeat multiple sets.By looking at the prenatal examination manual,intrapartum records,postpartum care records,auxiliary examination and discharge records,etc.,the complications during pregnancy and childbirth(gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes,postpartum hemorrhage)and delivery outcomes(The occurrence of premature birth,full-term birth,post-term birth),mode of delivery(natural birth,cesarean section),neonatal conditions(low birth weight infant,macrosomia,neonatal asphyxia,transfer to neonatology department)was analyzed using SPSS25.0 data The above-mentioned indicators were analyzed statistically by the software,and the differences in pregnancy outcomes among the groups were compared.Results:(1)In this study,607 parturients were finally included.According to pre-pregnancy BMI,101 cases were divided into low weight group,accounting for 16.64%,378 cases of normal weight group,accounting for 62.27%,and 128 cases of overweight and obesity group,accounting for 21.09%.(2)Underweight group(n=101),including 19 cases in the underweight gain group,54 cases in the appropriate weight gain group,and 28 cases in the excessive weight gain group.(1)Comparison of pregnancy complications: among the three groups of puerperas,there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates of gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes,and postpartum hemorrhage(P<0.05).Insufficient weight gain group.(2)Comparison of delivery outcomes: There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of premature delivery,full-term delivery and post-term delivery among the three groups(P>0.05).(3)Comparison of delivery methods: There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of vaginal delivery among the three groups of puerperas(P<0.05).Further pairwise comparisons between groups showed that the incidence of vaginal delivery in the appropriate weight gain group was higher than that in the insufficient weight gain group;The incidence of cesarean section was statistically different(P<0.05).Further comparison between the two groups showed that the excessive weight gain group > the insufficient weight gain group > the appropriate weight gain group,which was statistically significant(P < 0.05).(4)Comparison of neonatal conditions: the incidence of macrosomia among the three groups of puerperas was statistically different(P<0.05).Further comparisons between groups showed that the incidence of macrosomia in the excessive weight gain group was higher than that in the appropriate weight gain group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).(3)Normal weight group(n=378),including 38 cases in the underweight gain group,183 cases in the appropriate weight gain group,and 157 cases in the excessive weight gain group.(1)Comparison of pregnancy complications: The incidence of gestational hypertension among the three groups was statistically different(P<0.05).Further pairwise comparisons between groups showed that the incidence of gestational hypertension was higher in the excessive weight gain group In the underweight gain group and the appropriate weight gain group,the incidence of gestational hypertension in the underweight gain group was significantly lower than that in the appropriate weight gain group(P<0.05).(2)Comparison of delivery outcomes:There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of premature delivery,full-term delivery and post-term delivery among the three groups(P>0.05).(3)Comparison of modes of delivery: There was no significant difference in the incidence of vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery among the three groups(P>0.05).(4)Comparison of neonatal conditions,the incidence of macrosomia among the three groups of puerperas was statistically different(P<0.05),further comparisons between groups showed that the incidence of macrosomia in the excessive weight gain group was higher than that in the moderate weight gain group group,there was statistical significance(P<0.05).(4)Overweight and obesity group(n=128),including 20 cases of insufficient weight gain group,40 cases of appropriate weight gain group,and 64 cases of excessive weight gain group.(1)Comparison of pregnancy complications: the incidence rates of gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes among the three groups were statistically different(P<0.05).The incidence of gestational hypertension was higher than that of the appropriate weight gain group and the insufficient weight gain group.The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was compared between the two groups,and the excess weight gain group >the appropriate weight gain group > the insufficient weight gain group.Statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)Comparison of delivery outcomes: There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of premature delivery,full-term delivery and post-term delivery among the three groups(P>0.05).(3)Comparison of delivery methods: There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of vaginal delivery among the three groups of puerperas(P<0.05).Further pairwise comparisons between groups showed that the incidence of vaginal delivery in the appropriate weight gain group was greater than that in the insufficient weight gain group,which was statistically significant(P<0.05),the incidence of cesarean section in the three groups of puerpera was statistically different(P<0.05),further comparison between groups,the incidence of cesarean section in the excessive weight gain group was higher than that in the weight gain group Insufficient group and appropriate weight gain group,the incidence of cesarean section in the insufficient weight gain group was higher than that in the appropriate weight gain group,which was statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Comparison of neonatal conditions: The incidence of macrosomia among the three groups of puerperas was statistically different(P<0.05).Further comparison between groups showed that the incidence of macrosomia in the overweight gain group was higher than that in the underweight gain group group and appropriate weight gain group,there was statistical significance(P<0.05).(5)Using multiple Logistic regression analysis,compared with the appropriate weight gain group,excessive weight gain during pregnancy increased gestational hypertension(OR:2.920,P<0.05),gestational diabetes(OR: 3.613,P<0.05),postpartum The risks of bleeding(OR: 2.962,P<0.05),cesarean section(OR: 1.482,P<0.05),and macrosomia(OR: 2.600,P<0.05).(6)Using multiple Logistic regression analysis,compared with the appropriate weight gain group,insufficient weight gain during pregnancy increased the risk of low birth weight infants(OR: 1.755,P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can affect the occurrence of pregnancy complications and can lead to an increased risk of gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes,and postpartum hemorrhage.(2)Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can affect the mode of delivery and can lead to an increased risk of cesarean delivery.(3)Excessive gestational weight gain is a risk factor for gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes,postpartum hemorrhage,cesarean section and macrosomia;insufficient gestational weight gain is a risk factor for low birth weight infants. |
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