Chineseization Of The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale And Its Preliminary Application Among Hospital Nursing Managers

Objectives:1.The Chinese version of Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale(CIPS)was tested for validity and reliability among hospitals nursing managers.2.The Chinese version of CIPS was applied to explore the current situation and influencing factors of impostor phenomenon among hospital nursing managers.Methods:1.With the consent of the original author,Professor Clance,CIPS was used to translate,translate back,review the original author,adjust the culture and conduct a pre-survey to form a Chinese CIPS test version according to the Brislin translation model.A total of 333 nursing managers from 10 hospitals in Jiangxi Province were investigated by convenience sampling method from October 2021 to February 2022to test its reliability and validity.IBM SPSS 26.0 and IBM AMOS 26.0 were used for data analysis,including descriptive statistics,item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,content validity,internal consistency reliability,and retest reliability.Mean±standard deviation was used for quantitative data conforming to normal distribution.Qualitative data were described by frequency and percentage.Total correlation method and extreme value method were used for item analysis.The validity of the scale was tested by structural validity(exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis)and content validity.The reliability of the scale is expressed in terms of internal consistency reliability and retest reliability.2.A total of 188 nursing managers from 10 hospitals in Jiangxi Province were surveyed by convenience sampling method from June to July 2022.General data questionnaire and Chinese CIPS were used to investigate the status and influencing factors of impostor phenomenon among nursing managers.IBM SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis,and mean±standard deviation was used for quantitative data conforming to normal distribution.Qualitative data were described statistically by frequency and percentage.Two-independent sample t test and variance analysis were used for univariate analysis.Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze multiple factors.Results:1.The Chinese version of CIPS consisted of 8 items.Exploratory factor analysis showed that there were two factors(fake and self-denial),and the cumulative variance percentage was 54.50%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the modified two-factor model fit well(χ~2/df=2.225,P=0.002,GFI=0.952,AGFI=0.909,CFI=0.959,TLI=0.940,RMSEA=0.077).The total Cronbach’sαcoefficient of Chinese CIPS was 0.837,and the Cronbach’sαcoefficients of two factors were 0.847 and 0.701,respectively.The retest reliability was 0.914.2.The total scores of the impostor phenomenon among hospital nursing managers were(19.82±5.56),the average scores of items were(2.48±0.69),and the scores of each factor were(13.99±4.18)and(5.83±2.20).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,the highest education level,the number of years as nursing managers and the post years of current nursing managers were influencing factors of impostor phenomenon among nursing managers(P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The Chinese version of CIPS has good reliability and validity among hospital nursing managers,and can be used to evaluate the impostor phenomenon,with a view to providing a reference for the relevant research.2.Chinese hospital nursing managers have the negative psychology of impostor phenomenon,which is affected by age,the highest education level,the number of years as nursing managers and the post years of current nursing managers.It is recommended that the relevant hospital departments should pay more concern to the psychology of nursing managers,especially the young nursing managers with high education who have just served for 1-2 years.