| Objectives1.To translate the Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Scale(BBNE)and to assess the reliability and validity in Chinese nursing students.2.The Chinese version of BBNE scale was used to investigate the current situation of nursing students in Henan province who suffered from bullying during their clinical practice and to explore the relationship between their self-efficacy and mental health.Methods1.The translation and reliability and validity test of the scale: The BBNE was translated and adapted according to Chinese culture.The reliability and validity of Chinese version of BBNE was tested in552 nursing students by the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the BBNE scale.SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 software were used to analyze the data.The critical ratio value and the correlation coefficient of the total score of items were used to analyze the discrimination between items.The scale validity was tested by the structural validity(exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis)and content validity.The scale reliability was tested by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the retest reliability.2.Preliminary application of the scale: This study is a descriptive research using a convenient sampling method from November 2019 to December 2019,926 nursing students from 5 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province were selected as the research object.Research tools include of the general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of bullying behaviors in nursing education scale,the Kessler psychological distress scale and the general self-efficacy scale.The data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0software(normal data were described by mean ± standard deviation,qualitative data were described by frequency and composition ratio).The difference of data was analyzed by t test or one-way ANOVA.Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between variables.Hierarchical regression analysis of the moderating effect of self-efficacy on bullying and mental health of nursing students.Results1.The correlation coefficients between each item score and the total score ranged from 0.374?0.766(P < 0.01),all of which were greater than 0.40 except item 16.The Chinese version of BBNE consisted of 18 items.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.921,the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.956 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.955.The Scale-Content Validity Index(S-CVI)was 0.972,and the Item-content Validity Index(I-CVI)ranged from 0.83 to 1.00.Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors,which contributed 73.244% of the total variance.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that BBNE had an acceptable construct validity(?2/df=2.127,CFI=0.916,IFI=0.918,GFI=0.889,RMR=0.041,RMSEA=0.071).2.Each dimension score of the BBNE in nursing students in clinical practice: Attack on academic achievement: 3.57±2.76,Isolation of students from the education environment: 2.68±2.37,Attack on personality: 3.64±3.54,Direct negative behaviors: 1.41±2.03,the total score of BBNE is 11.31±9.19.The incidence of bullying among nursing students was 79.4%,the highest frequency of bullying during the rest of the top five for item 3 “Being left alone during breaks(75.3%)”,item 6 “Not being trusted in the competence related to lectures(71.6%)”,item 8 “Constantly assigning tasks over the capacity(63.1%)”,item 9 “Not making eye contact while talking(60.8%)”,item 7 “Being forced to do a job that will negatively affect your self-confidence(52.5%)”.3.The total score of mental health K10 is(21.78±7.55),of which 35.8% were in general mental health status,only 21.1% were in good mental health.4.The total score of self-efficacy is(23.58±6.18),of which 37.8% of nursing students had a low level self-efficacy,only 11.7% of nursing students had a high level self-efficacy.5.There were significant differences in some demographic variables between mental health and self-efficacy of nursing students who had been bullied.Specifically,there were differences in gender and educational background variables of bullying.There are differences in educational variables of mental health;There are differences in the variables of self-efficacy among student cadres6.Nursing students suffered bullying and correlation analysis of various dimensions with mental health and self-efficacy showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between the total score ofbullying and the scores of all dimensions and the mental health K10 score(r>0.4,P<0.01);There is a low degree of negative correlation between scores and scores in all dimensions and self-efficacy(r<0.4,P<0.01);Self-efficacy and mental health K10 score have a low negative correlation(r =-0.321,P<0.01).7.The analysis results of self-efficacy as a moderating variable show that self-efficacy has a moderating effect between bullying and mental health of nursing students.(F = 147.826,? =-0.137,P<0.05).Conclusions1.The Chinese version of the BBNE scale has good reliability and validity,and can be used to measure bullying behaviors of nursing students in China.2.Bullying is common among nursing students in clinical practice in Henan province3.Bullying and its various dimensions have a significant negative predictive effect on the mental health of nursing nurses.4.Self-efficacy plays a moderating effect between bullying and mental health of nursing students. |
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