Effect Of Maternal Dietary Intake During Pregnancy On Childhood Asthma

Objectives:The incidence of childhood asthma in China is increasing year by year,and the diet intake of mothers during pregnancy will not only affect their own health,but also may affect the occurrence and development of childhood asthma.In this study,we investigated the prevalence of childhood asthma and the characteristics of mothers’ diet during pregnancy,identified the dietary patterns of Chinese mothers during pregnancy and explored its influence on childhood asthma,in order to provide the basis for revising the Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant Women and optimizing the early prevention of childhood asthma.Methods:In this study,the children and their mothers who visited the respiratory department of a third-class first-class women and children’s hospital in Chengdu,Sichuan Province from December 2018 to September 2020 were taken as research objects.A questionnaire survey was conducted by using cluster random sampling,and a total of 1,889 valid samples were obtained.In this study,only the children and their parents whose mothers completed the questionnaire as guardians of the children were included,and the samples whose mothers’ diet data during pregnancy were missing or refused to answer were excluded,and finally 1,101 samples were obtained.Maternal diet intake during pregnancy was taken as the explanatory variable,childhood asthma was taken as the explanatory variable,and the control variables in multiple regression analysis included children’s age,children’s gender,mothers’ age,mothers’ ethnic group and so on.First of all,logistic regression was used to explore the influence of maternal intake of single diet during pregnancy on children asthma.Then,the exploratory factor analysis method was used to extract the dietary patterns from the data of pregnant women’s food frequency.According to the factor scores,the obtained dietary patterns were divided into three groups,and the relationship between different characteristic variables and dietary patterns was explored by one-way ANOVA.Finally,logistic regression was used to explore the influence of mothers’ diet patterns during pregnancy on children’s asthma,and heterogeneity analysis was made among people with different incomes and household registration.Results:According to the recommended intake frequency of Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant Women and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents,it is judged whether the mother’s intake of 12 kinds of foods during pregnancy meets the standard.Descriptive statistical analysis shows that the intake frequency of more than half of the 12 kinds of foods consumed by the mother during pregnancy does not meet the standard.Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of childhood asthma increased in the offspring of mothers who ate orange vegetables during pregnancy(OR=1.44,95% CI: 1.03-2.01),and the risk of childhood asthma in the offspring of mothers who consume green vegetables during pregnancy is reduced(OR=0.66,95%CI: 0.45-0.97).Factor analysis shows that four factors can be extracted from 12 kinds of food intake frequency.According to the top three food characteristics of factor load from high to low,these four factors are named as vegetable protein diet,animal protein diet,mixed diet and fruit and vegetable diet.The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a correlation between the socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and the prevalence of asthma in their offspring and some dietary patterns.The higher the family’s annual income,the higher the education level,and the mothers of ethnic minorities and urban tend to eat animal protein during pregnancy.The higher the annual family income,the more the mothers of Han and non-asthmatic children prefer mixed diet during pregnancy;Han mothers prefer a fruit and vegetable diet during pregnancy.In the results of multiple logistic regression analysis,the risk of asthma in the offspring of mothers who tend to have a high mixed diet pattern is significantly lower(OR=0.64,95%CI: 0.45-0.91).After further adjustment of control variables,the risk of asthma in the offspring of mothers who tend to have a high mixed diet during pregnancy is significantly lower(OR=0.66,95%CI: 0.45-0.97).The results of heterogeneity analysis show that among high-income people,the mixed diet mode has less influence on children’s asthma in their offspring(OR=0.32,95%CI: 0.11-0.95);In rural areas,the vegetable protein diet has a greater influence on children with asthma in their offspring(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.07-3.46),and the fruit and vegetable diet pattern has less influence on children with asthma in their offspring(OR=0.68,95%CI: 0.43-1.05);In urban population,the mixed diet pattern has less influence on children with asthma in their offspring(OR=0.46,95%CI: 0.25-1.12).Conclusion:In this study,it was found that the frequency of mothers’ dietary intake during pregnancy was low.The risk factors of children’s asthma were that mothers’ intake of orange vegetables reached the standard during pregnancy,and the intake of green vegetables reached the standard as the protective factors.Among the four dietary patterns extracted from the data of food intake frequency,the mixed dietary pattern of mothers during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of asthma in children.Moreover,the influence of mixed diet on children’s asthma is heterogeneous among people with different incomes,while the influence of animal protein diet,mixed diet and vegetable diet on children’s asthma is heterogeneous among people with different household registration.This study proves that the diet intake of mothers during pregnancy may affect the occurrence and development of children’s asthma.In the process of preventing and managing children’s asthma,we should strengthen the management and education of mothers’ diet during pregnancy to provide more scientific guidance for women’s diet during pregnancy.