Investigation On Health Knowledge,attitude And Practice Of High Risk Population Of Cardiovascular Disease And Its Influencing Factors

ObjectiveA self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the status quo of health knowledge,attitude,behavior and influencing factors among high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease.The purpose of this study was to understand the status quo,correlation and influencing factors of KAP among high-risk population of cardiovascular disease and to explore the influencing factors of KAP in high-risk population of cardiovascular disease,and to provide basis for the development of effective and targeted health interventions.MethodsBased on the relevant literature,the questionnaire of health knowledge,attitude and practice of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease was developed.The initial questionnaire was formed by interview,Delphi expert consultation,after a small sample pre survey,the items of the questionnaire were deleted.At the same time,the internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability and content validity were tested.Finally,the questionnaire with good reliability and validity was formed.Using the questionnaire,combined with KAP health model,to explore the status and influencing factors of KAP in high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease.By convenience sampling method,418 high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease in Nanning were selected as the survey objects.The KAP status and influencing factors of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease were investigated by KAP questionnaire,SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data.Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the general demographic data,health knowledge,belief and behavior scores.Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between knowledge,attitude and practice.T-test,one-way ANOVA,nonparametric test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge,attitude and practice.Results(1)The health KAP questionnaire for high risk population of cardiovascular disease consists of two parts and 67 items.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire are good.The I-CVI of each item was 0.85,the S-CVI was 0.87,and the total content validity was 0.86;The whole Cronbach’s α coefficient is0.786,and the Cronbach’s α coefficients of knowledge,belief and behavior are0.754,0.791 and 0.774,the coefficient of stability of the questionnaire was 0.81 and 0.85,and the acceptability of the questionnaire was good.(2)Health knowledge,attitude and practice status of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease: the score of health knowledge was(28.53±3.20),and the scores of each dimension from high to low were medication knowledge(1.72±0.72),health behavior knowledge(1.44±0.20),basic knowledge and risk factors(1.34±0.21);the score of health belief was(70.62±4.64).The average score from high to low was perceived susceptibility(4.37±0.48),perceived severity(4.32±0.44),perceived benefit(4.28±0.41),health motivation(4.23±0.33),self-efficacy(3.04±0.48)and perceived obstacle(2.95±0.39);the score of health behavior was 56.59±6.19,and the average score from high to low was compliance behavior(3.76±0.29),sports behavior(2.72±0.51),eating behavior(2.71±0.31)and health care behavior(2.24±0.49)respectively.(3)The correlation between health knowledge,attitude and practice in high risk population of cardiovascular disease: Pearson correlation analysis showed that knowledge and belief(r = 0.942,P < 0.05),knowledge and behavior(r =0.840,P < 0.05),belief and behavior(r = 0.841,P < 0.05)of high-risk group of cardiovascular disease showed significant positive correlation,and the difference was statistically significant.(4)The influencing factors of health knowledge,attitude and practice in high risk population of cardiovascular disease were as follows: The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age,education level,marital status and family per capita monthly income were the influencing factors of health knowledge among high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease(P < 0.05);age,education level,marital status and family per capita monthly income were the influencing factors of health belief in high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease(P < 0.05);age,education level,marital status,family income per capita and the number of risk factors were the influencing factors of health behavior of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease(P < 0.05).Conclusion(1)The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,the compilation process is scientific and representative,the content is reasonable and rigorous,and the acceptability is good.It can be applied to the investigation of health knowledge,belief and behavior of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease.(2)The health knowledge,attitude and practice of the high-risk group of cardiovascular disease is in the middle level,in which the score of health belief is above the middle level,the score of health knowledge is above the middle level,the score of health behavior is below the middle level,and there is still room for improvement.(3)Age,education level,marital status,per capita monthly income of family and the number of risk factors are the main influencing factors of health knowledge,attitude and practice of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease,and targeted individual prevention measures should be formulated.