Effects Of IMAC On Partial Glucose,lipid And Protein Metabolism Indexes And Metabolomics In Serum Of Beef Cattle Fattened In Different Places

Off-site fattening is one of the main breeding modes of beef cattle in my country.Longdistance transportation is inevitable,and it will encounter various stresses such as mixed groups,environmental changes,forage materials and feeding management changes,which often lead to dysfunction of the digestive system of beef cattle and abnormal metabolic functions.The growth performance of beef cattle is damaged to varying degrees,which seriously affects the economic benefits of breeding.IMAC has the functions of increasing feed protein,enhancing gastrointestinal digestion and absorption,and improving the body’s anti-oxidation,so it is widely used to resist heat stress in dairy cows and weaning stress in piglets.However,whether IMAC has an effect on the above-mentioned digestion and absorption and substance metabolism caused by stress changes after off-site transportation remains to be confirmed by research.The experiment added IMAC to the drinking water to study its effect on blood glucose,lipid,protein and other metabolic indicators and serum metabolites of beef cattle fattened in different places,and to explore the application effect of IMAC in beef cattle fattened in different places.Test grouping: 90 Simmental hybrid cattle were purchased at the beef cattle trading market in Yingchengzi Town,Yitong Manchu Autonomous County,Siping City,Jilin Province,and randomly divided into three groups of I,II and III(30 heads in each group).Three days before departure(D-3)Randomly select 10 cows in each group to collect blood samples.Three days before departure,30 m L/head/day of IMAC was added to the drinking water of groups I and II,and then they were transported to Caijiashan Cattle Farm,Sanhui Town,Qu County,Dazhou,Sichuan Province(2625 km,40 h).Group I added 30 m L of IMAC to their drinking water for half a month after arriving on the scene,Group II added 30 m L of IMAC to their drinking water every day for one month after arriving on the scene,and Group III was the control group.The arrival at the scene is recorded as D0,and the test period is 60 days.Blood samples from each group of cattle(same batch as D-3)were collected on D30 and D60 for the determination of various indicators.1.The effect of IMAC on the growth performance of fattening beef cattle in different placesThe body weight of cattle in each group was estimated by measuring chest circumference and body oblique length on D0 and D60 respectively.On D30,the forage digestion of each group was analyzed using a manure sieve,and the appetite of each group of beef cattle was scored every day during the test.(1)The weight gain in groups I and II increased by 2.56 kg and 2.73 kg compared with group III,and the average daily weight gain increased by 0.04kg/d and 0.05kg/d.The results showed that the addition of IMAC increased the weight gain of beef cattle to a certain extent,and the effect of adding IMAC for one month was better than half a month.(2)The proportion of the middle layer of digesta in groups I and II was smaller than that of group III,and the proportion of the lower layer was higher than that of group III,indicating that the addition of IMAC increased the proportion of the lower layer of digesta and improved forage digestion;compared between groups,the proportion of the lower layer of group II was higher than that of group I group,the results showed that adding IMAC for one month was better than half-month group in improving forage digestion.(3)At D0-D10,the overall appetite scores of each group decreased to varying degrees,indicating that stress would lead to a decrease in the appetite of beef cattle.The overall appetite of groups I and II returned to normal faster than group III,and group II was faster than group I,indicating that the addition of IMAC The appetite of beef cattle after stress is promoted to return to normal,and the effect of adding it for one month is better than half a month.In summary,adding IMAC can help improve the appetite of fattening beef cattle in different places,improve the digestion of forage grass,and increase the weight gain of beef cattle to a certain extent.The effect of adding IMAC for one month is better than half a month.2.Effect of IMAC on serum glucose metabolism indexes of fattening beef cattle in different placesUse biochemical analyzers and kits to detect serum glucose metabolism-related indicators on D-3,D30,and D60.(1)At D30,GLU in groups I,II,and III decreased significantly compared with D-3(P<0.05),and the decrease in group III was greater than that of D-3.Group II,group II was greater than group I.At D60,GLU in groups I,II and III all increased compared with D30,and groups I and II significantly increased(P<0.05).It can reduce the decomposition of GLU to some extent.(2)At D30,the LDH activity in groups I and III increased significantly compared with D-3(P<0.05),the increase in group III was greater than that in group I,and the change in LDH in group II was smaller,indicating that stress led to enhanced muscle anaerobic glycolysis,while Adding IMAC relieved the rising trend of LDH to a certain extent,and added 1 month to maintain the stability of LDH.On D30,the CK in groups I,II and III decreased in different degrees compared with D-3,and the CK in group III decreased significantly(P<0.05),indicating that the addition of IMAC alleviated the decrease of CK to a certain extent.On D30,the activity of G-6-PD in groups I and II was lower than that in D-3,and in group II was significantly lower(P<0.05);in group III it was slightly higher.At D30,the PK activities of groups I,II and III were significantly lower than those of D-3.At D60,the PK activities of groups I,II and III were all higher than those of D30,and group III was significantly higher than that of D30(P<0.05).At D60,the PFK activity of groups I,II and III were all higher than that of D30,and the increase of group I and II was lower than that of group III.The above results indicated that the addition of IMAC decreased the activity of G-6-PD and inhibited the activity of PK to a certain extent.In summary,the addition of IMAC inhibits the decomposition of the PPP and glycolytic pathways of blood glucose in beef cattle,which helps to maintain the stability of blood sugar levels under stress;IMAC relieves the rise of LDH to a certain extent,and helps alleviate the damage to muscles caused by stress.3.Effect of IMAC on serum lipid metabolism indexes of fattening beef cattle in different placesSerum lipid metabolism-related indicators of D-3,D30 and D60 in each group were detected using biochemical analyzers and kits.Results:(1)At D30,the FAS and ACC activities of group III were higher than those of D-3,the FAS and ACC activities of groups I and II were lower than those of D-3,and the FAS were significantly lower than those of D-3(P<0.05),The decrease rate of FAS and ACC was slightly higher than that of group I.The above results indicated that the addition of IMAC decreased the activities of FAS and ACC.(2)On D30,the NEFA in groups I,II and III were significantly lower than that in D-3(P<0.05),and the decline rate of NEFA in groups I and II was higher than that in group III.On D30,the TG and TC of group III were higher than that of D-3,and the TC and TG of groups I and II were lower than that of D-3.Among them,TC in group II was significantly lower than that in D-3(P<0.05),and the decline rate of TG was higher than that in group I.The above results indicated that adding IMAC decreased the content of NEFA,TG and TC.At CDD30,VLDL-C in groups I and II was significantly higher than that in D-3(P>0.05),and the increase in group II was higher than that in group I;LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly lower than those in D-3(P<0.05),The decline rate of group II was greater than that of group I.The results showed that IMAC increased the serum VLDL-C content and decreased the HDL-C and LDL-C content.In summary,the addition of IMAC inhibited the activity of FAS and ACC,decreased fatty acid synthesis;increased VLDL-C,decreased HDL-C and LDL-C content,which was beneficial to the utilization of TG and TC in extrahepatic tissues.4.Effects of IMAC on serum protein metabolism indexes of fattening beef cattle in different placesThe serum protein metabolism indexes of D-3,D30 and D60 in each group were detected by biochemical analyzer and kits.Results:(1)At D30,the ALT activity of groups I,II and III were higher than that of D-3,and the ALT activity of group III was significantly higher than that of D-3(P<0.05),exceeding the normal range.The above results indicated that the addition of IMAC suppressed the increase of ALT.(2)On D30,the UREA content of groups I,II and III were all higher than that of D-3,and groups I and II were significantly increased within the normal range(P<0.05),and the increase in group II was higher than that in group I.The results showed that adding IMAC The formation of the organism UREA.At CDD30,the TP content of groups I and III was lower than that of D-3,among which group III was significantly lower than D-3(P<0.05),and the TP of group II increased to a certain extent;the ALB content of each group I,II and III was significantly lower than that of D-3.In D-3(P<0.05),the decline rate in group II was smaller than that in group I and that in group III;the GLB content in groups I and II was significantly higher than that in D-3(P<0.05),and the increase rate in group II was greater than that in group I.The above results show that IMAC relieves the stress that leads to the decline of TP and ALB,promotes the synthesis of GLB in the liver,helps to improve the body’s immunity,and then improves the body’s ability to resist the adverse external environment.In conclusion,the addition of IMAC improved the liver function under stress,alleviated the decline of TP and ALB,and increased the synthesis of GLB in the body.5.Effect of IMAC on serum metabolome of fattened beef cattle in different placesSerum was collected on D-3,D30 and D60 for LC-MS metabolomics analysis.Metabolic pathway kegg enrichment analysis:(1)From D-3 to D30,acylcarnitine,glutamic acid,phenylalanine,dipeptide,sebacic acid and other free fatty acid differential metabolites were significantly up-regulated,and D-Glutamine and D-glutamic acid metabolism,arginine biosynthesis and other pathways were significantly enriched,indicating that the addition of IMAC promoted the utilization of fatty acids,among which the primary bile acid metabolism pathway,aminoacyl t RNA The enrichment of the synthetic pathway indicated that bile acid was synthesized through the primary bile acid metabolic pathway,which promoted the absorption of exogenous fatty acids;the enrichment of the aminoacyl t RNA synthesis pathway indicated that the protein synthesis was enhanced.(2)From D30 to D60: the concentration of free fatty acid and acylcarnitine was down-regulated,and the synthesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acid was enriched,which indicated that the body’s fatty acid synthesis was enhanced from D30 to D60.The aminoacyl-t RNA biosynthesis pathway was enriched in adding IMAC for one month,indicating that adding IMAC for one month contributes to protein synthesis at D30 and D60.CDD-3 to D60: The synthesis of aminoacylt RNA is still enriched after one month of IMAC,which can promote the body’s protein synthesis.To sum up,IMAC increases the concentration of acylcarnitine,promotes the decomposition and utilization of fatty acids,significantly enriches the aminoacyl-t RNA pathway,and promotes protein synthesis in the body.Conclusion:(1)IMAC improves the appetite of beef cattle and improves the digestion of forage grass,and increases the weight gain of beef cattle to a certain extent.(2)IMAC reduces blood sugar breakdown of fattened beef cattle in different places;promotes fatty acid decomposition and utilization;alleviates the effect of stress on liver function and improves globulin synthesis.(3)Metabolomics showed that the level of fatty acid oxidation and decomposition increased,the aminoacyl-t RNA pathway was enriched,and the protein synthesis level increased in the IMAC group.