| In recent years," exotic fattening " of beef cattle has become one of the main modes of beef cattle breeding in China.The cattle fattening in different places need to go through the mixing of herd before transportation,fasting and water fasting during transportation,physical exertion and changes in ambient temperature and feed after transportation to the farm,and the cattle body is in a state of long-term stress.Ionized Alkali Mineral Complex(IAMC)is an ionic feed additive that can improve immunity,antioxidant ability and anti-stress.In this experiment,blood samples were collected from cattle in different treatment groups before transport and after transport to the farm,respectively.The cattle health condition,blood routine,immunity,antioxidant and transcriptomic indexes were analyzed to investigate the effect of IAMC on the transition of off-site fattening cattle.Experimental grouping: 90 male Simmental crossbred cattle were transported from Siping,Jilin Province to Dazhou,Sichuan Province from October to December 2021 for 40 hours(total 2625km).90 cattle were randomly divided into three groups I,II and III(30 cattle in each group),10 cattle were randomly selected from each group I,II and III for blood collection on the 3rd day before transportation(D-3),and after blood collection,each cattle of groups I and II was fed with water contain with 30 m L of IAMC per day for 3 consecutive days;each cattle of groups I and II was fed with IAMC by the same way like pre-transport for 15 and 30 days after arrival,respectively,while group III was fed with daily diet without any treatment.Blood samples were collected at 30 days(D30)and 60 days(D60)post-arrival.Finally,blood samples of D-3,D30 and D60 were used for various detection.1.Effect of IAMC on anal temperature,clinical indicators,and routine blood indicators of transition exotic fattening cattleAfter the beef cattle were transported to the farm,the anal temperature was monitored daily until 30 days,and respiration,mental status,eye and ear,and nasal secretions were scored until 60 days,as well as blood samples for routine blood analysis.General linear mixed model analysis of nasal secretion scores was significantly affected by THI(p< 0.05).The results of routine blood analysis showed that lymphocytes(Lym#)and lymphocyte percentage(Lym%)were significantly higher in group II than in groups I and III at D30(p< 0.05);neutrophils(Neu#)were significantly lower in group II than in group III at D30(p< 0.05),neutrophil percentage(Neu%)was significantly lower in group II than in groups I and III at D30,and Neu% of group I at D60 significantly lower than that of group III at D60(p < 0.05).In conclusion,the clinical health condition of beef cattle fed with IAMC for one month was better than the control group on arrival,and it could increase the number of lymphocytes to enhance the immunity of the body and decrease the number of neutrophils to suppress inflammation.2.Effect of IAMC on antioxidant and immune indexes in transition exotic fattening cattleAntioxidant indicators containing T-AOC,SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,MDA,(·OH),TNOS,NO,and immunological indicators containing Ig A,Ig M,Ig G,TNF-α,IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 were measured for each group of D-3,D30,and D60 using commercial kits.The results showed that the contents of T-AOC and SOD in groups I and II at D30 were significantly higher than those in group III(p< 0.05),GSH-Px in group II at D30 were significantly higher than those in groups I and III(p< 0.05),MDA in groups I and II at D30 were significantly lower than those in group III(p< 0.05),(·OH)in groups I and II at D30 and D60 were significantly lower than those in group III(p< 0.05),and CAT of groups I and II at D60 was significantly higher than that of group III(p< 0.05).The contents of TNOS and NO were not significantly different at each time point(p> 0.05).The content of Ig G in group II at D30 was significantly higher than that in groups I and III(p< 0.05),and the Ig A of groups I and II at D30 was significantly higher than that of group III(p< 0.05).The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in groups I and II were significantly lower than those in group III at D30(p< 0.05),and the TNF-α in group II were significantly lower than those in group I(p< 0.05),and the IFN-γ in group II were significantly lower than those in group III at D30(p< 0.05);the IFN-γ in groups I and II were significantly lower than those in group III at D60(p < 0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in group II at D30 were significantly lower than those in groups I and III,where the IL-8 of group I were significantly lower than those of group III(p< 0.05),and the IL-10 in groups I and II at D30 were significantly higher than those in group III(p< 0.05).In conclusion,feeding IAMC can increase the levels of Ig A,Ig G,IL-10,T-AOC,SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px,and decreased the levels of MDA,(·OH),IL-2,TNF-α,INF-γ,IL-6 and IL-8 in beef cattle after transportation.3.Transcriptome-based analysis demonstrating that IAMC regulates the immune function of transition exotic fattening cattleTranscriptome analysis was performed by transcriptome high-throughput sequencing of whole blood from each group in D-3,D30 and D60.Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs)within groups I,II and III were mainly enriched in immune and antioxidant-related pathways.Comparison between groups revealed that in D30,DEGs co-expressed in groups I and II enhanced the body’s antioxidant capacity and immune function by increasing the body’s ability to scavenge free radicals;DEGs specifically expressed in group I versus group III further showed IAMC enhanced the body’s immune function by promoting the body’s amino acid metabolism and improving the body’s metabolic capacity;DEGs specifically expressed in group II versus group III DEGs specifically expressed in group II,relative to group III,showed IAMC promoted the metabolism of the organism by increasing ATPase activity and enhanced the stress resistance by enhancing intercellular signaling.In D60,DEGs co-expressed in groups I and II enhanced the immune function and also down-regulated tumor necrosis factor-related gene expression and increase the capacity of anti-inflammatory;DEGs specifically expressed in group I relative to group III showed IAMC can enhance the anti-stress capacity by increasing intercellular signaling;DEGs specifically expressed in group II relative to group III showed IAMC can promote the level of metabolism by improving the lipid metabolism and enhance the immune function by increasing the content of immunoglobulin.Conclusion: Feeding IAMC is beneficial to the improvement of body temperature and clinical indexes in transition-exotic fattening Simmental crossbred cattle and can improve the immune function of beef cattle.Feeding IAMC can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improve the antioxidant function of beef cattle by enhancing the scavenging of free radicals and reducing the level of MDA.Feeding IAMC increased the expression of immunoglobulin Ig A,decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,increased the expression of antiinflammatory factors,and thus improved the anti-inflammatory ability of the body during the transition period,and regulated the tumor necrosis factor pathway to reduce inflammation in the body,and the effect of feeding for one month was better.In summary,IAMC can improve the antioxidant and immune function of beef cattle by scavenging free radicals and increasing immunoglobulins,and enhancing the anti-inflammatory ability by regulating inflammatory factors and inflammatory pathways to reduce the level of inflammation. |
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