| Ecological planting of Chinese herbs is an important development strategy of Chinese medicine agriculture in China,scientific fertilization is an important production management measure in realizing ecological planting of Chinese herbs,and formula fertilization is an important technology of ecological planting of Chinese herbs.The herb A.carmichaelii is a processed product of the root of Aconite[Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.]of buttercup family,and the history of Aconite cultivation in Butuo County is more than 60years.This is a potential threat to the sustainable development of A.carmichaelii.According to the strategic requirement of developing ecological cultivation of Chinese herbal medicine proposed by China,this study investigated the key soil nutrient factors affecting the local production of A.carmichaelii by investigating the effects of organic fertilizer with nitrogen,zinc and boron fertilizers on the agronomic traits,yield and quality of Aconite by using a five-level orthogonal four-factor rotational combination design.The optimum fertilizer application ratio was derived by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,frequency preference and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,which provided theoretical basis for the standardized production of Butao epiphyllum.The main findings of the study are as follows:1.Key Nutrient Factors in soil affecting the yield and quality of A.carmichaeliiThe nutrient content of the soil in which A.carmichaelii was grown had a significant effect on its yield and active substance content.Using principal component combined with correlation analysis,the four key soil factors that we screened were organic matter,alkaliolytic nitrogen,effective zinc and effective boron.Soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content had significant effects on the yield and the content of benzoyl neo-aconitine.Soil effective zinc content had significant effects on the yield.Soil effective boron content could significantly affect the yield and the content of benzoyl neo-aconitine of A.carmichaelii.Based on this,the fertilizer factors of the formulation fertilization program were determined as organic fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer,zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer.2.Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on the agronomic traits of A.carmichaelii herb plantsOrganic and inorganic fertilizer application had a significant effect on the agronomic traits of A.carmichaelii.Using cluster analysis,we determined the number of typical agronomic trait indicators plants to be nine.The univariate effect analysis showed that organic fertilizer had a significant effect on leaf width,fresh weight,dry weight and volume of lateral roots.Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on fresh weight of stalks,fresh and dry weight of fibrous roots.Boron fertilization had significant effects on fresh and dry weight of fibrous roots,as well as width and length of lateral roots.Analysis of the interaction effects showed that Nitrogen-boron fertilizer interaction significantly affected the increase of fresh weight of stalks,and Nitrogen-zinc fertilizer interaction had significant effects on fresh weight,dry weight and volume of lateral roots.3.Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on the yield of A.carmichaeliiThe methods of organic and inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased the yield of A.carmichaelii.The order of influence of the test factors on the yield was zinc fertilizer>organic fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer>boron fertilizer.Organic fertilizer and zinc fertilizer had important regulatory effects on the yield of lateral roots.The interaction effect analysis showed that the nitrogen-zinc fertilizer interaction had a significant effect on the improvement of yield of medicinal herbs.Using the statistical frequency method of analysis,we obtained the optimal fertilizer regimen for high yield of epilobium as2077.9-2322.1 kg/hm~2 of organic fertilizer,1426.20-1593.81 kg/hm~2 of urea,0.81-0.91kg/hm~2 of zinc sulfate,and 7.73-8.67 kg/hm~2 of borax.4.Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on the quality of A.carmichaeliiThe method of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer application had an important role in regulating the quality of A.carmichaelii.The effects of the test factors on moisture,total ash and hypaconitine did not reach a significant level,while the effects on benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl aconitine,benzoyl hypaconitine,neoaconitine and aconitine reached a significant level.The univariate analysis showed that all the test factors could significantly affect the contents of benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl hypaconitine and aconitine,and nitrogen and zinc fertilizers showed a facilitating effect on the formation of benzoylaconitine.The application of organic fertilizer was favorable to the increase of neo-aconitine content.The effect of the interaction effect of the experimental factors on the different alkaloids was different.The interaction effects of all fertilizer factors had similar trends on benzoyl neo-aconitine and benzoyl hypaconitine.The organic fertilizer-boron fertilizer interaction significantly affected the content of benzoylaconitine.Nitrogen fertilizer-zinc fertilizer intercropping significantly affected the content of benzoylaconitine.The organic fertilizer-nitrogen fertilizer intercropping and organic fertilizer-boron fertilizer intercropping significantly affected the content of neoarbutin.Organic fertilizer-boron fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer-boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer-boron fertilizer interactions showed similar trends in the effect on the content of aconitine.Using the method of quality fuzzy evaluation and frequency statistics,we obtained the fertilization scheme of high quality index for A.carmichaelii as 2082.3-2317.7 kg/hm~2 of organic fertilizer,1381.65-1638.35 kg/hm~2 of urea,0.814-0.906 kg/hm~2 of zinc sulfate,and 7.76-8.64 kg/hm~2 of borax.Combining the method of frequency selection and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,we finally came up with the fertilization scheme for high yield and quality of the A.carmichaelii in Butuo as 2077.9-2322.1 kg/hm~2 of organic fertilizer,1426.20-1593.81kg/hm~2 of urea,0.81-0.91 kg/hm~2 of zinc sulfate,and 7.73-8.67 kg/hm~2 of borax. |
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