Research On Soil And Water Conservation In Yan’an Area(1949-2021)

Yan ’an area is located in the north of Shaanxi,in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,and is one of the areas with the most severe soil erosion and water loss in China.During the period of the Republic of China,with the increasing floods of the Yellow River and the continuous development of science,people began to realize that the lower reaches of the Yellow River should not be treated in isolation,but the problem of soil erosion and water loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River should be paid attention to.Only by controlling the soil erosion and water loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River can the Yellow River be completely calmed down.After the founding of People’s Republic of China,the party and the government attached great importance to the management of the Yellow River,and the country began to invest a lot of manpower and material resources in the management of the Yellow River to reduce the harm to the people caused by the flooding of the Yellow River.In this case,Yan ’an area large-scale soil and water conservation work began.Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Yan ’an ’s soil and water conservation work has been divided into five periods: experimentation,promotion,development,suspension and restoration,reform,and ecological construction.In the early days of the founding of New China,the work of water and soil conservation in Yan ’an area was still weak.Under the leadership and support of the party and the government,the work of water and soil conservation in Yan ’an area began to slowly unfold,water and soil conservation workers and people in Yan ’an area devoted themselves to this strange and arduous work.They were inspired by Mao Zedong "We are doing an extremely glorious and great cause that our predecessors have never done",Take soil and water conservation work as a part of the glorious and great cause.During the "Great Leap Forward" period,the work of soil and water conservation in Yan ’an area also took a great leap forward,setting off a climax of water and soil conservation.However,due to the influence of the "Left",some problems appeared in the work of water and soil conservation in Yan ’an area.From 1961 to 1978,the water and soil conservation work in Yan ’an area during this period,on the basis of summarizing the experience and lessons of the previous stage,began to transform the water and soil conservation work in Yan ’an in the direction of comprehensive planning and comprehensive management.After the "Cultural Revolution" began,the personnel of the water and soil conservation institutions in Yan ’an area were transferred to other places one after another.The delegated personnel overcame many difficulties and worked hard to carry out the work of water and soil conservation.The soil and water conservation work in Yan ’an area is also recovering continuously.During this period,the control of water and soil loss in Yan ’an area still achieved certain results.Since the reform and opening up,the Yan’an area has reflected on the work of soil and water conservation during the "Cultural Revolution",and there has also been a new breakthrough in the governance form of water and soil conservation in the Yan’an area,that is,the management of small watersheds by households.The Yan ’an area has entered into a new stage of comprehensive management based on small watershed management as a unit.As the new century is about to enter,under the national policy,the soil and water conservation work in Yan ’an area has gradually got rid of the previous path centered on basic farmland construction,and has gradually moved towards a governance model that focuses on ecological construction.However,the relationship between people and land in Yan ’an area Contradictions are always in harmony,and the contradiction between economic construction and environmental protection is difficult to resolve.This has also led to the performance of soil and water conservation in Yan ’an area as being destroyed and treated at the same time.After more than 70 years of governance,the severe soil erosion in Yan ’an area has been effectively curbed,the annual average amount of yellow sediment has dropped significantly compared to the middle of the last century,and the ecological environment has been significantly improved,but at the same time we should clearly understand The natural environment in Yan ’an area is still very fragile.With the rapid development of economic construction,Yan ’an ’s soil and water conservation work should also be persisted and invested in to deal with the increasingly complex problems of water and soil erosion.Under the guidance of national soil and water conservation policies and guidelines,Yan ’an area has explored continuously and stepped out of a suitable road for soil and water conservation management in Yan ’an area,and gradually formed a more mature soil and water conservation scheme.After more than70 years of treatment,the serious situation of soil erosion and water loss in Yan ’an area has been effectively curbed.Compared with the middle of the last century,the average annual amount of yellow mud and sand has dropped significantly,and the ecological environment has been significantly improved.The practice of soil and water conservation in Yan ’an area has achieved remarkable results and accumulated rich experience,which provides reference for soil and water conservation in Loess Plateau area.But at the same time,we should clearly realize that the natural environment of Yan ’an area is still very fragile,soil and water conservation work in Yan ’an area should always adhere to and strengthen investment,in order to deal with the increasingly complex problems of soil erosion and water loss,in order to protect the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.