A Study On Soil And Water Loss Characteristic And Monitoring System Of Enshi Hydroelectric Power Station Construction

Hydropower is currently largest potential resources in the world, and it can provide the most urgent need of clean and renewable energy for people’s lives. Currently, the United States, Europe and other developed countries have passed the peak period of hydro projects, while China due to abundant water resources and economic development, the hydro projects, especially small and medium-sized hydraulic hub project is the ascendant. Hubei is rich in water resources, and the Yangtse river flows through the territory from west to east. Full development and utilization of the province of hydraulic resources, it is a great significance to ease the power shortage, improve the layout of the electric power industry to promote economic development in mountain. In recent years, the medium and small hydropower projects promote local economic development process. However, they also bring a range of environmental issues, and soil and water loss is the main aspect.The mountain hydropower project is built more in the good vegetation and steep terrain in the mountains. Expect the dam construction and the main project, the hydropower project still require the construction of roads, plant, debris field, as well as mining material field, etc. Because of the long duration of construction, complexity of the construction process and large amount of earthwork, it destructs original vegetation and original surface landforms. In the construction process, the projects create severe soil erosion, which will not only blockage of the river, destruction of the natural ecological environment, and long years of accumulation, and the loss of sediment soil will create a threat to the project itself. Monitoring the soil erosion from hydropower project, and exploring the different soil erosion characteristics of the project construction period, it is great significance for the timely and effective measures taken to mitigate erosion control. In this paper, through studying the soil erosion monitoring data of three completed hydropower project, we analyse the loss characteristics and strength in the construction of mid-term of the main project, sidewalk construction, dregs, material fields and construction of auxiliary enterprises. We also explore the summary of the main monitoring methods in soil erosion monitoring in the hydropower station. This study makes the following main conclusions:The disturbed surface area, dregs and soil loss of the main project, the construction of sidewalk, debris field, materials field and auxiliary enterprises were analyzed in the process of building of the three projects. The results show that:(1) Due to construction timing, the disturbance surface area is different in the construction process of different regions. From the time point viewing, the disturbance of the road construction, main project and auxiliary enterprises are larger at the beginning of the construction, while the disturbance of the spoil field and yard are larger in the main project started. It is consistent with the construction timing.(2) It generates large amount of spoil in the process of construction of hydropower stations. The amount of spoil change curve is first increases, and then reduction. The spoil continues to increase, with the progress of the project, and it is gradually reduced with the beginning of the end of the excavation project and the dam embankment.(3) The construction of road loss is the largest, and begins the preparation period of construction. The main project is the second largest region in the loss, and its loss is the process of change as the main project. The material field area is the third region of loss. During the construction period, the loss of material field begins at the latest, and the rapid change is the main features of the material field of soil erosion. The loss of dregs is smaller than the material field, and the loss of time is earlier than the materials field. Construction of auxiliary enterprises generally ties up the surface disturbance, and the earth and stone is smaller. So, the loss is least, and if no further disturbance of surface, the general loss will continue to decrease.The soil and water conservation monitoring indicators of hydropower construction are divided into soil and water impact factor, soil and water loss condition, the damage from soil erosion, soil and water conservation measures and soil and water conservation effect five kinds of indexes,28sub-categories,77indicators.The soil and water loss of hydropower project construction has got to laws, and the districts change with the change of the construction timing. During the monitoring process, it should be determined the different focus of the monitoring according to the different periods and regions of the project construction. In order to obtain accurate results of the monitoring, it should use of appropriate monitoring methods and select appropriate monitoring period. The results can provide the basis for the project erosion control.