Effects Of Different Fertilization Methods And Ratios On Yield And Quality Of Pepper

With the rapid development of pepper planting area in China,however,the old fertilization methods not only waste fertilizer,increase farmers’production costs,but also cause environmental pollution.Therefore,it is particularly important to master the fertilization proportion and combined application method of pepper.In this experiment,pepper"Changyan Qingxiang"was planted in the multi span greenhouse of Jinshan vegetable base of Hunan Agricultural University.Accurately apply nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to pepper plants in order to achieve high yield and high quality while reducing the application of chemical fertilizer.The experiment was divided into two groups.T1～T14 treatment group:the base fertilizer was applied with"3414"fertilizer test scheme,combined with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,and the conventional topdressing amount was used for the later topdressing(according to the basic research of this research group N was 4.37kg·667m^-2,P₂O₅ was 4.10kg·667m^-2,K₂O was 4.91kg·667m^-2),which was applied three times on average;T15～T28 treatment group:the base fertilizer is the conventional fertilizer amount(according to the basic research of this research group Nis 2.95kg·667m^-2,P₂O₅ is 2.73kg·667m^-2,K₂O is 3.27kg·667m^-2).The topdressing adopts the"3414"fertilizer test scheme,which is applied in three times on average.By comparing the effects of different proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing on the nutritional growth,yield and quality of pepper in the two experimental groups,in order to obtain the best proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing for cultivating and planting"Changyan Qingxiang"pepper in Hunan.（1）After comparing the yield measurement data of two groups of"3414"fertilizer test,it can be concluded that the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium is helpful to increase the yield of pepper.In the base fertilizer test group,the yield of treatment T6（N₂P₂K₂）is the highest,which is 147.2%higher than that of treatment T1（N₀P₀K₀）without fertilization in the same group.In the same group,T7（N₂P₃K₂）,T10（N₂P₂K₃）and T11（N₃P₂K₂）decreased by 20.6%,28.8%and 23.3%respectively.In the topdressing test group,the yield of T20（N₂P₂K₂）treatment reached the highest,which was 100.1%higher than that of T15（N₀P₀K₀）without fertilization.In the same group,T21（N₂P₃K₂）,T24（N₂P₂K₃）and T25（N₃P₂K₂）decreased by 19.9%,21.2%and 24.5%respectively.Through the ternary quadratic equation fitting of the relationship between the yield and fertilizer of the base fertilizer group treated with T1～T14,the F value of the equation reaches significant,and the equation is:Y=746.82+110.73N+19.09P+19.09K+0.29N²+4.21P²+2.66K²-9.98NP-0.68NK-13.24PK.It is concluded that the best base fertilizer application amount in this test is:N is 3.01kg·667m^-2,P₂O₅ is 3.05kg·667m^-2,K₂O is3.23kg·667m^-2.The relationship between the test yield and fertilizer of T15～T28 treatment based topdressing group was fitted by ternary quadratic equation,and the F value of the equation reached significant.The equation was as follows:Y=963.62+96.21N+2.94P+67.17K+1.38N²-4.89P²+0.97K²-5.62NP-0.37NK-3.106NK.It was concluded that the optimal topdressing dosage in this test was N is 3.92kg·667m^-2,P₂O₅is 3.85kg·667m^-2 and K₂O is4.58kg·667m^-2.（2）The effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in base fertilizer and Topdressing on the quality of pepper were studied.The results showed that the content of soluble protein C was increased by applying base fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.The soluble sugar content and free ammonia content of T10（N₂P₂K₃）treated with potassium excess in the base fertilizer group were the highest,the soluble protein content of T5（N₂P₁K₂）was the highest,and the vitamin C content of T13（N₁P₂K₁）was the highest.Compared with the lowest non fertilization treatment T1（N₀P₀K₀）in the same group,it was increased by 188.31%,76%,64%and 90%respectively,but except vitamin C,it was not significantly higher than that of T6（N₂P₂K₂）.The content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in treatment T24（N₂P₂K₃）was the highest,the content of free amino acid in treatment T20（N₂P₃K₂）was the highest,and the content of vitamin C in treatment T17（N₁P₂K₂）was the highest,which was 63%,167%,62%and 44%higher than that in treatment T15（N₀P₀K₀）,which was the lowest in the same group.There was no significant difference compared with conventioal fertilization T20（N₂P₂K₂）.In general,the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium has a significant effect on the increase of fruit amino acid and vitamin C content.Appropriately increasing potassium fertilizer can improve the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar,and the correlation between soluble sugar and potassium fertilizer is greater.（3）Basal fertilizer combined with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height,plant width,stem diameter and SPAD value,but topdressing combined with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium had significant effect.The physiological indexes of T6（N₂P₂K₂）in the base fertilizer experimental group were the best,and the plant height,plant width and stem diameter of T23（N₂P₂K₁）in the top dressing experimental group were the best.There was no significant difference in SPAD value compared with T19（N₂P₁K₂）with the highest value.Compared with the non fertilization treatments T1（N₀P₀P₀）and T15（N₀P₀K₀）,the plant height,plant width,stem diameter and SPAD value of all other treatments were improved,and the topdressing of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the later stage had a more obvious increase in plant height and plant width.