Research On The Mechanism Of The Impact Of Fishing Ban Compensation Policy In The Yangtze River Basin On The Livelihood Of Fishermen

The Yangtze River is the largest river in China’s drainage area,and it is an important barrier to maintain the national ecological health and safety and ensure the green and healthy development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.In order to solve the ecological and environmental problems of the Yangtze River,the three national ministries and commissions jointly issued the Implementation Plan for the Prohibition of Catching in Key Waters of the Yangtze River Basin and the Establishment of Compensation System,which clearly pointed out that by the end of 2020,the Yangtze River Aquatic Biological Reserve will be completely prohibited from productive fishing,and the Yangtze River and its important tributaries will be banned from fishing for 10 years.In order to ensure the livelihood of fishermen,the central government has established a "local first,central award and compensation" prohibition and compensation mechanism,and has recovered fishermen’s fishing gear,fishing boats and fishing licenses in the form of cash compensation.On this basis,provincial and municipal local governments have taken synchronous measures to ensure the implementation of job training,social insurance,and housing arrangements.However,after the implementation of the Yangtze River fishing ban policy,in the process of promoting the comprehensive transformation of the livelihood of the returning fishermen,affected by their work skills,age,education level and living habits,they may face social exclusion such as employment exclusion,political exclusion and social relationship exclusion after they withdraw from fishing,which will hinder the improvement of their livelihood results.So,the implementation of the Yangtze River fishing ban and compensation policy will have an impact on the livelihood results of fishermen.Can it have a positive effect on the social exclusion they face? To what extent does the existence of social exclusion affect the livelihood of our fishermen? Is what we need to know.Therefore,a scientific analysis of the impact mechanism of the ban and compensation policy on the livelihood of returning fishers from the perspective of livelihood capital and social exclusion is of great significance to promote the realization of ecological protection of the Yangtze River and the livelihood security of returning fishers.This paper uses the method of literature research.Through sorting out the existing literature,focusing on the study of policies such as returning farmland to forest,returning grazing land to grassland,and land-lost farmers,this paper determines the core theoretical framework of this paper as the sustainable livelihood theory and social exclusion theory,and finds that the existing research only relies on a single framework to analyze the livelihood problems of farmers,and can not deal with the complex problems faced by farmers in the process of livelihood recovery,Therefore,based on the characteristics of fishers themselves,the research logic of "Yangtze River fishing ban compensation policy-livelihood capital change-social exclusion-livelihood results" suitable for the study of the livelihood of fishers returning to the Yangtze River is established.Based on the survey data of Hubei,Jiangsu and Anhui,and according to the characteristics of fishermen in the field survey,select relevant indicators,use the structural equation model of partial differential least squares method to estimate the path coefficient,and calculate the direct effect,indirect effect and total effect of the Yangtze River fishing ban compensation policy on the livelihood results.The conclusion of this study shows that the implementation of the Yangtze River fishing ban and compensation policy can significantly improve the livelihood results of fishermen.On the one hand,from the perspective of direct effects,(1)the Yangtze River fishing ban compensation policy has a significant impact on promoting the improvement of livelihood capital accumulation,and the implementation of the fishing ban compensation policy can help fishermen improve their livelihood capital;(2)Livelihood capital is an important factor affecting the social exclusion of fishermen,and farmers with better livelihood endowment have better livelihood adaptability;(3)Policy is the exogenous power to ensure farmers’ livelihood adaptation.The implementation of the policy of fishing ban and compensation has a significant negative effect on the social and political exclusion faced by fishermen,and has a certain negative effect on employment exclusion.The level of livelihood capital plays a significant role in restraining the social and political exclusion faced by fishermen,but has no significant impact on employment exclusion;(4)Returned fishermen suffer from social exclusion and have an important impact on their livelihood results.The existence of social exclusion,political exclusion and employment exclusion that fishermen face has a significant negative impact on their livelihood results.On the other hand,from the perspective of indirect effects,the policy can have an important impact on the livelihood results through the intermediary role of livelihood capital and social exclusion.Among them,the implementation policy of the Yangtze River no-capture compensation policy has the greatest impact on employment exclusion through livelihood capital,and the greatest improvement on the livelihood results through social exclusion.There is still room for optimization of the impact of the policy on restraining the deterioration of the livelihood results caused by social exclusion.According to the above conclusions,on the one hand,efforts should be made to promote the improvement of livelihood capital and strengthen the endogenous power to resist social exclusion in the follow-up work of arrest prohibition and compensation;On the other hand,we should eliminate social exclusion,promote social integration,safeguard the rights of returning fishermen,and actively guide fishermen to participate in social integration.It is expected to provide certain theoretical and empirical support for the organic combination of the dual objectives of ecological protection and livelihood security of fishermen in the Yangtze River.