| This paper mainly studies the effects of sodium propionate on growth performance,physiological and biochemical,glucose metabolism and intestinal health of Cyprinus carpio fed diets with high levels of carbohydrate,so as to provide reference for formulating reasonable diet formulas for Cyprinus carpio.Officially started the trial and selected 378 Cyprinus carpio with the same size and robust physique(initial body weight 26.48±0.94g),randomly put into the circulating aquaculture system,each tank of 21 fish,divided into 6groups,each group set up 3 replicates,the experiment set up control group(D0),high carbohydrate group(12% corn starch,D1),high carbohydrate + 0.25% sodium propionate group(D2),high carbohydrate + 0.5% sodium propionate group(D3),high carbohydrate +1% sodium propionate group(D4),high carbohydrate + 2% sodium propionate group(D5),feeding twice a day(9:00,18:00)for 56 days.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Effects of sodium propionate added to high carbohydrate feed on growth,body composition and physiological and biochemical indexes of Cyprinus carpio fed diets with high levels of carbohydrateCompared with the control group and high carbohydrate group,the final weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of fish body were significantly improved after the addition of 0.5% sodium propionate(P<0.05).The ash content of fish in the high carbohydrate group and the sodium propionate group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The crude lipid content of fish in the high carbohydrate group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the crude lipid content of fish was significantly reduced after the addition of sodium propionate(P<0.05).The serum ACP and AKP activities of Cyprinus carpio in the high carbohydrate group were lower than those in the control group(P>0.05),and after the addition of sodium propionate,the non-specific immune indexes of fish serum changed to varying degrees,and the serum ACP and AKP activities were the highest in the 0.5% sodium propionate group.HDL-C in the 0.5% sodium propionate group was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05),and the LDL-C content in the high carbohydrate group increased compared with the control group,but decreased with the increase of sodium propionate(P>0.05).In serum,the CAT activity of the high carbohydrate group was greatly increased than that in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the groups after the addition of sodium propionate(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the SOD and GSH activities of the high carbohydrate group were reduced(P>0.05),and after the addition of sodium propionate,the serum physicochemical indexes of fish changed to varying degrees,and the SOD activity was the highest in the 0.5% sodium propionate group.In hepatopancreas,the CAT activity of the group with 0.5% sodium propionate was slightly higher than that in the control group(P>0.05);The SOD activity of the high carbohydrate group was reduced compared with the control group(P<0.05),and the SOD activity was improved after the addition of sodium propionate.Sodium propionate in diet had significant effects on GOT,GPT activity and GPT activity in hepatopancreas(P<0.05).After the addition of sodium propionate to serum,the activity of GOT and GPT decreased.The activity of GPT in the hepatopancreas was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05)in the high carbohydrate group,and the activity of GPT showed an upward trend after the addition of sodium propionate,and its activity reached a peak when 0.5% sodium propionate was added.In summary,the addition of sodium propionate to high carbohydrate feed could improve the growth performance and physiological and biochemical indexes of Cyprinus carpio,and the growth performance was the best when the amount was 0.5%.2.Effects of sodium propionate added to high carbohydrate feed on metabolism and intestinal health of Cyprinus carpio fed diets with high levels of carbohydrateCompared with the control group,the expression of GPR43 in the high carbohydrate group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),but when the sodium propionate increased,the expression of GPR43 gene showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing;after adding sodium propionate,the expression of AMPK gene was not significantly different between different groups,except for the addition of 0.5% sodium propionate group(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the activity of PEPCK,G-6-Pase,GS enzymes in the glucose metabolism pathway in the high carbohydrate group was significantly increased(P<0.05),after the addition of sodium propionate,the activities of PEPCK and G-6-Pase decreased;compared with other groups,the activity of PFK enzyme in the high carbohydrate state was higher(P<0.05),and after the addition of sodium propionate,the PK activity showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising,and the group adding 0.5% sodium propionate was significantly lower than that of the other three sodium propionate treatment groups(P<0.05);PFK activity increased,but there was no significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of Nrf2,NF-κB between the high carbohydrate group and the control group(P>0.05),and after the addition of sodium propionate,the content of Nrf2 in the 0.5% sodium propionate group was higher and peaked(P<0.05)compared with the control group and the high carbohydrate group;there was no significant difference in NF-κB(P>0.05)in the 0.5% sodium propionate group.Compared with the control group,the expression of TNF-α in the high carbohydrate group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and after the addition of sodium propionate,the group adding 0.5% sodium propionate was significantly lower than that in the control and high carbohydrate group,and there was no obvious difference between the other groups(P>0.05).Sodium propionate increased the anterior and midgut villus height and villus width,and the midgut muscular thickness in the 0.5% sodium propionate group was significantly higher than that in other groups,and the hindgut muscular thickness was higher than in the high carbohydrate group.In summary,the addition of sodium propionate to high carbohydrate feed has a positive effect on hepatopancreas glucose metabolism and maintenance of intestinal health. |
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