Evaluation Of The Quality Of Irrigation And Fertilization Of Winter Wheat With Wide Ridge Furrow Irrigation And Optimal Management Of Water And Fertilizer

Wide ridge furrow irrigation method is optimized on the basis of traditional furrow irrigation technology.In order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of irrigation water and fertilization under different irrigation amounts and nitrogen application rates of winter wheat in the test area under wide ridge furrow irrigation,the numerical model of water and nitrogen migration under wide ridge furrow irrigation was constructed by using the HYDRUS software on the basis of field experiment.In this study,we investigated the effects of different irrigation and fertilization amounts on the quality of irrigation and fertilization of winter wheat under wide ridge furrow irrigation by constructing a model of water and nitrogen transport in winter wheat.Furthermore,this study combined the growth indexes and yield factors of winter wheat and built a comprehensive evaluation system of irrigation and fertilization quality of winter wheat with wide ridge furrow irrigation based on fuzzy element model,combined with regression fitting analysis to obtain the optimal water and nitrogen combination suitable for the growth of winter wheat,and optimized the water and fertilization management plan of winter wheat.The main conclusions and research results are as follows:(1)The growth and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation methods,irrigation water and nitrogen application treatments were analyzed by multi-factor ANOVA combined with ANOVA test F-value,and the growth conditions and yield factors of winter wheat under wide ridge furrow irrigation were better than those under conventional border irrigation.The growth indexes and yield factors of winter wheat were strongly influenced by the amount of water and nitrogen application.The growth index and yield factor of winter wheat showed a parabola change trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen application.However,excessive irrigation and fertilization are not beneficial to the growth of winter wheat.Proper irrigation and nitrogen application could facilitate the growing and cultivation of winter wheat.But insufficient irrigation and nitrogen application were not beneficial to the growth of the crops.(2)In this study,based on the field experiment of winter wheat,the model of water and nitrogen transport in wide ridge furrow irrigation was established by HYDRUS software to simulate the change of soil water content in different soil layers before and after irrigation,the quality of irrigation and fertilization of winter wheat with wide ridge furrow irrigation and conventional border irrigation was studied under different water and nitrogen application rates.Comparison between simulated and field measurements of water and nitrogen transport in winter wheat water and nitrogen transport model showed that the errors between the two were within the controllable range,and the model construction and parameter selection were both reasonable,which means that the HYDRUS-based winter wheat water and nitrogen transport model can be used for simulation of water movement and solute transport of winter wheat under wide ridge furrow irrigation and conventional border irrigation.The irrigation quality indicators such as irrigation uniformity,irrigation efficiency,water storage efficiency and water utilization efficiency as well as fertilizer application quality indicators such as fertilizer agronomic efficiency,fertilizer physiological efficiency,fertilizer recovery efficiency and fertilizer bias productivity for both wide ridge furrow irrigation and conventional border irrigation have significant regular performance under different water and nitrogen application conditions,which can be used as significant indicators to measure the quality of irrigation and fertilizer application for both wide ridge furrow irrigation and conventional border irrigation.(3)The quality of irrigation and fertilization was better than that of conventional border irrigation.The irrigation uniformity,water storage efficiency and water use efficiency of winter wheat under wide ridge furrow irrigation were higher than those under conventional border irrigation,but the irrigation efficiency was opposite.With the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount,the irrigation quality indexes of winter wheat showed a trend of“ Increasing first and then decreasing ”.The maximum water use efficiency for winter wheat in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 were 2.072 kg/m~3 and 2.088 kg/m~3.Respectively,the optimal water and nitrogen application treatment was wide ridge furrow irrigation(WFI)-70% lower limit of field water holding rate control(L70)-N application rate of 220 kg/hm~2(N220)treatment.The fertilizer agronomic efficiency,fertilizer physiological efficiency,fertilizer recovery efficiency and fertilizer bias productivity of winter wheat under broad furrow irrigation were generally higher than those under conventional border irrigation.The optimal values of fertilizer bias productivity for winter wheat in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 were 62.98kg/kg,64.03 kg/kg,and 6.5 kg/kg,respectively.The optimal treatment was wide ridge furrow irrigation(WFI)-lower limit of 70% field water holding rate control(L70)-N application rate of 120 kg/hm~2(N120).(4)Combining winter wheat growth index,yield factor and quality index of winter wheat irrigation and fertilization under wide ridge furrow irrigation,a fuzzy matter-element comprehensive evaluation model of winter wheat irrigation and fertilization quality under wide ridge furrow irrigation was constructed based on entropy weight method and CRITIC method.The main conclusions were as follows: The results obtained based on the European close degree of entropy weight method and CRITIC method have a high similarity.The first-rank treatment combination of 70% field water holding rate control limit(L70)-nitrogen application amount220 kg/hm~2(N220)could be selected in the comprehensive evaluation of wide ridge furrow irrigation water fertilization quality.With irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount as independent variables,regression fitting analysis was carried out on the yield,water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of winter wheat under wide ridge furrow irrigation,taking into account the ecological objective of saving water and fertilizer,and the first-rank water and nitrogen management scheme was obtained that the irrigation amount was 203.27-276.73 mm in line with the growth of winter wheat in the experimental area.Nitrogen application was in the range of 205.71-234.29 kg/hm~2.