The Effect Of Boron And Zinc Fertilizers On Growth And Quality Of Protected Tomatoy

Most areas in northern China use facility cultivation for vegetable production.In order to obtain high crop yields,excessive application of large amounts of elemental fertilizers such as nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium has become a common phenomenon.This not only causes waste of fertilizers,but also leads to a decrease in the yield and quality of vegetables.Excess water and fertilizer infiltrate deep soil through gravity,posing a potential risk of groundwater pollution.The research on the effectiveness of trace elements in soil has become a focus of attention in the fields of agriculture and environmental science,and fertilization is an important way for trace elements to enter the soil.Tomatoes,as the most widely planted vegetable in facility cultivation in China,are sensitive to changes in soil fertilizers and water content.This study focuses on the greenhouse tomato’Dahong persimmon’and explores the impact of applying trace element fertilizers such as boron and zinc on tomato yield and quality.The optimal application rates of boron and zinc fertilizers in this experiment are summarized,providing reference for the application of trace element fertilizers such as boron and zinc on greenhouse tomatoes.The main research findings are as follows:1.Boron fertilizer treatment can effectively affect the growth and development of tomato plants,affecting their height,stem diameter,and biomass,and improving their photosynthetic performance and parameters.Boron fertilizer treatment promoted the growth and development of tomato plants throughout the entire period,as well as the accumulation of dry matter.The T₂treatment with 0.5 kg/667m²boron fertilizer had the best promoting effect on tomato plant height,which increased by 27.1%compared to CK treatment.At the same time,T₂treatment had the highest chlorophyll a content in tomato plants,which was 2.74 mg/g.The T₃treatment with 0.6 kg/667m²boron fertilizer had the most significant promoting effect on tomato stem diameter,increasing by 25.7%compared to the CK treatment.Its chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a+b,and carotenoid content were the highest.Compared with other treatments,T₃treatment also significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of tomato leaves.2.Boron fertilizer treatment affects the main nutritional quality of tomatoes,coordinates the components of tomato yield,and improves tomato yield.The T₂treatment had the highest soluble protein content,1.39 mg/g,which was 73.7%higher than the CK treatment.The soluble sugar and soluble solid content were also the highest,while the T₃treatment had the highest vitamin C content and sugar acid ratio,significantly higher than other treatments.The tomato yield of T₃treatment was the highest,equivalent to 5.79%higher per mu yield than CK treatment,followed by T₂treatment,which increased yield by 4.41%compared to CK treatment.3.Zinc fertilizer treatment can affect the plant height of tomato plants.The A₂treatment with a zinc fertilizer application amount of 0.4 kg/667m²showed a significant difference compared to other treatments,an increase of 16.7%compared to the A₁treatment.The fresh weight of underground and aboveground parts was the highest in the A₄treatment,significantly higher than other treatments.The effect of A₃treatment with an application amount of 0.6kg/667m²on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves is significant.The initial fluorescence value of A₃treatment is the highest,which is 14.2%higher than that of CK treatment.The maximum fluorescence value is the highest,and there is a significant difference between A₃treatment and CK treatment.4.The A₄treatment with zinc fertilizer had the highest soluble protein content,at 1.37 mg/g,which was 83.1%higher than the CK treatment.The soluble sugar and soluble solid content,vitamin C content,and sugar acid ratio of A₃treatment were the highest,significantly higher than those of CK treatment.The average fruit weight of tomato treated with A₃was the highest,at 134.89 g,and the yield per plant was the highest.The equivalent yield per mu increased by6.96%compared to CK treatment.In summary,the application of boron and zinc fertilizers has a promoting effect on the growth and development of tomato plants and the improvement of their main quality.Among them,in terms of promoting tomato yield and quality,the T₃treatment with 0.6 kg/667 m²of boron fertilizer is the best.However,the promotion effect of high or low boron fertilizer application on yield indicators is not significant.The A₃treatment with zinc fertilizer application of 0.6 kg/667 m²has the best effect on improving fruit quality and promoting yield.