| Zinc and boron are two important trace elements,which play an important role in crop growth and development.Higher and lower soil pH,high temperature and low temperature,high humidity etc.factors will cause symptoms of zinc and boron deficiency,and soil pH of experimental station of our farm is 5.67,which is partial acid,and the maize fertilizer rate has a gradually increasing trend,so which cause the phenomenon such as soil compaction.That affects absorption and utilization of trace elements zinc and boron of maize.Therefore,we use the local main planted maize variety demeiya 3 in this experiment to study the effects of zinc and boron spraying on physiological characteristics,yield and quality of maize,so as to provide a theoretical basis for better guiding the maize production in this region.The main results are as follows:1.The SPAD of leaves was increased under the large trumpet stage,spinning tasseling stage and filling stage by zinc and boron fertilizer treatment,which promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll.And LAI was also increased,which expanded the leaves area of ear leaves.Both of these improved the Pn,Gs,Tr,reduced the Ci,which improved the ability of CO2 fixation of maize leaves,and made the photosynthesis enhanced.In spinning tasseling stage,compared with controls,Pn,Gs,Tr increased by 25.37%,14.05%and 21.72%,respectively,Ci decreased by8.12%under 8 g·L-11 zinc treatment(750 L·hm-2),SPAD and LAI increased by 23.34%and6.22%,respectively,which showed a significant differences.In spinning tasseling stage,compared with controls,Pn,Gs,Tr increased by 21.13%,15.38%and 17.19%,respectively,Ci decreased by 23.49%under 8 g·L-11 boron treatment(750 L·hm-2).2.The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,CAT was improved and MDA content was reduced by zinc and boron fertilizer treatment,which enhanced the ability of plant antioxidant and scavenging free radicals,reduced the membrane peroxidation damage,retarded the senescence of leaves,to ensure that nutrients fully provided panicle.In spinning tasseling stage,compared with controls,the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,CAT enhanced by 30.90%,25.65%and 20.42%,respectively,MDA content decreased by 21.18%under 8 g·L-1zinc treatment(750 L·hm-2).The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,CAT also presented a rising trend and MDA content was still declined under the filling stage.In spinning tasseling stage,compared with controls,SOD,POD and CAT activities were improved 5.13%,13.46%and 18.54%,respectively,MDA content decreased by 28.97%under 8 g·L-11 boron treatment(750 L·hm-2).3.Maize photosynthesis and the accumulation of soluble sugar and sucrose was improved,and increased the content of soluble protein and total nitrogen,which contributed dry matter accumulation of plant.In the large trumpet stage,spinning tasseling stage and filling stage,compared with controls,soluble sugar content were increased by 37.69%,19.18%and 24.37%,sucrose content increased by 27.87%,16.35%and 13.00%,respectively,and soluble protein content increased by 17.67%,16.37%and 7.99%,total nitrogen content increased by 16.93%,7.60%and 14.04%,respectively under 8 g·L-11 zinc treatment(750 L·hm-2).Effects of boron fertilizer treatment was similar to the zinc fertilizer treatment,and the contents of above indexes reached the highest under 8 g·L-11 boron treatment(750 L·hm-2).4.Zinc and boron fertilizer treatment promoted dry matter accumulation and improved yield and quality through improving photosynthesis,enhancing antioxidant capacity and promoting the content of sugar and nitrogen of maize.Compared with controls,the rate of growth reached1.33%,2.26%,4.52%and 7.36%,respectively under zinc treatment,and the rate of growth reached 1.45%,4.51%,6.62%and 8.19%,respectively under boron treatment.At the same time,nutritional quality and commercial quality of grain were improved,and the economic benefits was increasing.In general,it had the best effect under 8 g·L-11 zinc and boron treatment(750L·hm-2). |
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