Effects Of Calcium And Boron Combined Application On Growth,Yield And Quality Of Peanut Cultivar Xiangheixiaoguo

Peanut is an important oil,protein and cash crop in China.Xiangheixiaoguo peanut is the first special rare black seeded peanut cultivar approved in China.It has high nutritional,health care and economic value.However,there are many empty and blighted pods in acid soil,which seriously affects the yield and quality.In order to explore the effect of calcium and boron on the yield and quality of the peanut,an experiment was conducted in acid red soil dryland.The field test method was adopted,and the treatment of calcium,boron and calcium boron combined application(CBCA)was set to systematically investigate and determine the agronomic properties,physiological characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,nutrient accumulation and distribution,yield composition and quality of peanut in the main growth stages.The research results are as follows:(1)Agronomic traits.The treatments of calcium,boron and the CBCA increased the height of main stem and the number of branches in the whole growth period of peanut;The lateral branch length of peanut was increased except T2,T4 and other treatments at seedling stage;Compared with the control,the leaf area of each treatment showed an overall growth trend,and the CBCA was significantly higher than the control in the first three periods;The CBCA can promote the growth of root nodules,increase the fresh weight of root nodules,increase the nitrogen fixation of peanut,and lay a foundation for high yield of peanut.(2)Physiological characteristics.The relative content of chlorophyll decreased with the development of growth period.T7 was the largest in seedling stage and flower needle stage,and calcium treatment was the largest in other stages;The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate first increased and then decreased with the growth period,and reached the maximum at the pod setting stage.Each treatment showed an overall growth trend compared with the control,indicating that calcium and boron can effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of peanut leaves.The intercellular CO2 concentration of each treatment was slightly higher than that of the control at the flower needle stage and pod setting stage,and decreased slightly at the mature stage.(3)Dry matter accumulation and distribution.With the development of growth period,the dry weight of roots,stems and leaves increased,among which the dry weight of roots and leaves reached the maximum in pod setting stage and stems reached the maximum in mature stage.The root dry weight was the largest at pod setting stage and mature stage T7;The stem dry weight increased as a whole,and the CBCA was higher than that of calcium treatment.The leaf dry weight of CBCA was greater than that of the control,and the CBCA was greater than that of calcium treatment.The dry weight of fruit needle and pod treated with calcium and boron was greater than that of other treatments.The root shoot ratio was the largest in seedling stage,followed by flower needle stage.Except T6,the economic coefficient was equivalent to that of the control,other treatments were higher than that of the control,and the CBCA was greater than that of calcium application.(4)Nutrient accumulation and distribution.The content of boron and potassium was leaf>stem>root,all treatment was higher than that of the control.The accumulation of calcium,boron,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in plants and pods at maturity was higher than that in the control,and the CBCA was higher than that in other treatments;the distribution rate of calcium and boron was leaf > stem > fruit > root.The distribution rate of calcium in leaves was lower than that in control,while that in rhizome and fruit was higher than that in control,indicating that calcium in leaves of peanut transferred to other parts at maturity.The distribution rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was leaf > fruit > stem > root.The nitrogen distribution rate of boron and CBCA in leaves was lower than that in other treatments,while in pods,it was the opposite,indicating that boron and CBCA can promote the transfer of nitrogen in leaves to pods and increase the nitrogen source of "sink".The phosphorus distribution rate in leaves of each treatment was lower than that in the control,while that in pods was higher than that in the control,indicating that calcium and boron can also promote the transfer of phosphorus to pods.The potassium distribution rate was stem >leaf > fruit > root.The potassium distribution rate of stem in CBCA was higher than that in other treatments,while in pod,it was the opposite,indicating that CBCA promoted the transfer of potassium distribution rate from leaf to pod.(5)Effects on Yield Composition and quality of peanut.The single plant yield of peanut increased by 2.23% ～ 46.07% compared with the control.The full fruit weight rate,full fruit number rate,full kernel weight rate,kernel yield and 100 fruit weight of each treatment were the largest in the CBCA in T5 and T7.The CBCA reduced the empty pods rate,in which T7 decreased by 50.6% and T5 decreased by 59.07% compared with CK.Oleic acid decreased in calcium,boron and CBCA treatments,the contents of protein and linoleic acid increased in CBCA.In conclusion,the CBCA in var.Xiangheixiaoguo was better than that of calcium or boron treatment alone.The CBCA can promote the growth of plants and root nodules,improve nitrogen fixation capacity,enhance nutrient absorption and photosynthetic performance,promote the accumulation of dry matter and the distribution of dry matter in roots and pods,so as to improve the number of full pods,full pod weight,full kernel weight and pod plumpness,reduce the empty and blight pod rate,and lay a good foundation for yield increase and high quality.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the yield and quality of black seeded peanut in acid red soil dryland.