Study Of Fertilizer Reduction And Its Influencing Factors For Apple Farmers In Shandong Province

Compared with corn,wheat and other field crops,apple and other cash crops,fertilization intensity is high,it is difficult to reduce application.It is of great significance to encourage fruit farmers to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer in alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution,protecting ecological environment and promoting rural revitalization.Shandong Province is a major apple planting province with the highest output per unit area in China.However,while ensuring the effective supply of apples in the whole country,Shandong Province also put in a large amount of fertilizer.Many fruit farmers lack scientific fertilization and management knowledge and pursue the concept of "high input,high yield",resulting in serious problems of excessive fertilization.Continuous excessive fertilization will cause soil compaction,agricultural non-point source pollution and a series of problems.Seriously restrict the sustainable development of Apple industry.According to the investigation and research,compared with the national average fertilization level,the fertilization level of other major apple-producing provinces and the international safety fertilization standards,the fertilizer application amount in the apple planting and production process in Shandong Province is higher and the fertilization efficiency is relatively low.The fertilizer application amount per mu(fertilizer application intensity)is very large,ranking the first place in China all year long,and there is a serious problem of excessive fertilization.Therefore,Shandong provincial government attaches great importance to the reduction of chemical fertilizer in apple,promulgated a series of policy suggestions on chemical fertilizer reduction,and launched a pilot program of apple reduction and efficiency improvement in Yantai City,Shandong Province.As the main body of fertilizer application,farmers play a crucial role in the process of fertilizer reduction.Therefore,taking apple farmers in Shandong Province as the research object,this paper studied the fertilizer reduction behavior of farmers and its influencing factors,and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the research conclusions,so as to guide farmers to reduce fertilizer and apply fertilizer scientifically.Based on research at home and abroad,this paper first defined the concepts related to apple farmers and fertilizer reduction behavior,and sorted out the theoretical basis of farmer behavior theory,externality theory and sustainable development theory.Secondly,the general situation of apple planting and fertilizer application in Shandong Province is introduced.By enumerating the data of apple planting area,total production amount,fertilizer application amount,fertilizer intensity and fertilizer efficiency in Shandong Province and other major apple-producing provinces in China in recent ten years,it is concluded that Shandong Province is the main apple planting area in China,but there are serious problems of excessive fertilization at the same time,which shows the necessity and importance of this paper.The fertilizer reduction behavior of apple growers in Shandong Province was investigated and analyzed with descriptive statistics.Finally,based on the data obtained from the survey,probit regression model and marginal effect analysis were used to conduct an empirical study on the influencing factors of fertilizer reduction behavior of apple growers in Shandong Province.The results show that:(1)Education level,cooperatives,income cognition,hazard cognition,soil testing and formula fertilization technology,technical training,the latest national policies and government subsidies had a significant positive effect on the fertilizer reduction behavior of farmers,while cost cognition had a significant negative effect on the fertilizer reduction behavior of farmers.The marginal effect analysis method was used to explore the influence degree of each factor on the fertilizer reduction behavior of farmers.According to the empirical results,it is suggested to strengthen the publicity and guidance to improve the cognition level of fruit farmers on fertilizer reduction.Actively carry out fertilizer reduction technology training guidance,vigorously promote soil testing and formula fertilization technology;To build key models and strengthen the leading role of core demonstration areas and key demonstration households;Improve and implement the ecological compensation policy of chemical fertilizer reduction for apple farmers;Increase cultural quality education,innovation fertilization technology,precise fertilization;Give full play to the government as the main body of macro-control and other countermeasures to promote the fertilizer reduction of farmers,so as to provide reference for the government to make relevant decisions on fertilizer reduction.