| Research on the comprehensive utilization of straw helps to better achieve sustainable agricultural development,construct a circular agricultural development model with local characteristics,guide farmers to scientifically cultivate fields,improve crop yields,promote high-quality agricultural development,solve agricultural pollution,protect rural ecological environment,and increase farmers’ income,agricultural production,and rural greening.Henan Province has a large area of arable land,abundant fertile fields,various types of straw,abundant resources,and short harvesting times in the three summers and three autumns.Based on this background,adopting reasonable agricultural production techniques according to local conditions is the key to ensuring the comprehensive utilization of straw.The research results can provide reference basis for models such as circular agriculture,organic agriculture,and facility agriculture,and are of great significance for ensuring food security,sustainable agricultural civilization,the need for a better life,and the construction of a beautiful China.This study analyzed the current situation and influencing factors of comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources by reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad,selecting different ecological points such as plains,mountainous areas,drylands,and irrigation areas in Henan Province.Production factors such as crop types,cultivated land types,cultivation methods,and planting scales were analyzed in depth through research and visits to farmers and enterprise cases.Compared with other provinces and cities in terms of comprehensive utilization of straw,Henan Province focuses on agricultural reproduction,mainly on mechanized straw returning and silage,supplemented by energy,raw material and other economic reproduction,taking into account the utilization of basic materials.Compared with developed regions abroad,the development of refinement is slow.Through the analysis of farmer survey data,it is found that farmers have a certain degree of conformity towards straw utilization.Mechanized farming in plain areas has high efficiency,large planting scale of field crops,short harvesting time in summer and autumn,and straw returning to the field is the main utilization method.In mountainous areas,the degree of mechanization is low,there are many types of crop planting and the planting scale is small,and the phenomenon of straw leaving the field for stacking and burning still exists.The main problems of returning straw to the field include diseases,pests,and weeds,poor cultivation,and loss of water and fertilizer;Leaving the field mainly has issues such as low efficiency in harvesting,storage,and transportation,low mechanization,and difficulty in matching sales.From the perspective of farmers,the utilization of straw tends to be mainly through fertilization and feed conversion.Mutual learning among farmers is the preferred way to improve utilization,followed by enterprise acquisition.The impact of technology personnel going to the countryside and government propaganda and training is average,while factors such as resources,policies,and incineration investigation efforts also affect farmers’ choices.Through case analysis of straw related enterprises,the main advantages are that fertilizer based deep processing enterprises can consume off field straw within a diameter of 50 kilometers.The agricultural technology and promotion of rotary tillage or deep tillage returning to the field are becoming increasingly mature,feed based silage corn has been widely applied,and the successful pilot project of rice silage+regenerated rice high-yield cultivation technology model provides reference for feed based utilization.The cultivation of basic material based mushrooms has begun to take shape,and ethanol raw materials are being used Enterprises such as biomass power generation and fuel conversion have a high demand for straw.The main problems include a small number of fertilizer based deep processing enterprises,high storage costs,high straw procurement and transportation costs for feed based enterprises,difficulty in product sales for base based material based enterprises,capital intensive,technology integrated,and labor intensive raw material and energy based enterprises,which have certain entry barriers for employment.In summary,the following countermeasures and suggestions are proposed: in terms of government organization,establish a system of party and government shared responsibility for grain production,arrange personnel for grid based agricultural technology promotion,vigorously promote agricultural mechanization production in terms of technology,formulate straw subsidy policies tailored to local conditions in terms of economy,continuously keep up with the problems in straw return and off field utilization,and develop measures based on the actual situation.High standard farmland construction and transformation from dry fill to paddy field,realize large-scale cultivation of arable land,and use modern agricultural techniques such as soil testing and fertilization to assist in soil improvement,drought resistance and moisture conservation measures.The enterprise’s industrial chain system should effectively connect the collection,storage and transportation,support the upstream and downstream supply and demand of straw deep processing,innovate the business model,establish a coordinated mechanism for the construction of digital agriculture,and carry out smart agriculture development such as digital agriculture development monitoring and evaluation.We will support farmers in plain areas to transfer contracted land for centralized operation and mass operation,mountain farmers and specialized cooperatives to run farms,digest farmers’ mutual production models such as self-produced straw,develop different straw utilization methods according to the agronomic production characteristics and growth laws of crops,and advocate the development of organic biobased economy and facility agriculture such as the concept of big food.Encourage and support technological innovation and peer-to-peer assistance in research institutes.Optimize the layout of agricultural planting and breeding structure,control the planting proportion of grain crops and cash crop,ensure the multiple cropping index of cultivated land in plain areas and mountain areas,vigorously promote straw returning,focus on the development of animal husbandry,coordinate the development of basic material chemical enterprises,cultivate small and medium-sized deep processing enterprises,and macro layout of raw material and energy based straw consumption enterprises,Diversified development from agricultural reproduction to economic reproduction is an important means to solve the problem of comprehensive utilization. |
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