| The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of estrus-stimulating feed additives on reproductive performance,immunity and antioxidation,reproductive hormones,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora of Xinong Saanen dairy goats,and to explore their potential mechanism.In order to provide theoretical basis for the application of estrus-stimulating feed additives in dairy goats production.In experiment 1,young ewes of Xinong Saanen dairy goats in the breeding season were selected（n=60）,and were randomly divided into 3 groups using a single factor design,namely the control group（CG）and the low-dose group（LDG,20 g/head/day）And high-dose group（HDG,30 g/head/day）,20 goats in each group,raised in two circles,10goats in each circle,and the test period was 9 weeks.In experiment 2,the adult ewes of Xinong Saanen dairy goats in the non-breeding season（n=30）were randomly divided into3 groups using a single-factor design,namely the control group（CG）,the low-dose group（LDG,40 g/head/day）and high-dose group（HDG,60 g/head/day）,10 goats in each group,10 goats in each pen,and the test period was 9 weeks.In experiment 3,adult ewes of Xinong Saanen dairy goats in the breeding season were selected（n=30）,and were randomly divided into 3 groups using a single-factor experimental design,namely the control group（CG）and the low-dose group（LDG,40 g/head/day）And the high-dose group（HDG,60 g/head/day）,10 goats in each group,10 goats in each pen,and the test period was 7 weeks.The results showed that:1.In experiment 1,the estrus rates of the control group,the low dose group and the high dose group were 95%,100%and 85%,the pregnancy rates were 68.42%,95%and94.12%,and the reproductive rates of the test goats were 45%,80%and 75%.In experiment 2,the estrus rates of the control group,the low dose group and the high dose group were 10%,70%and 40%,the pregnancy rates were 0%,85.71%and 75%,and the reproductive rates of the test goats were 0%,90%and 50%.In experiment 3,the estrus rates of the control group,the low dose group and the high dose group were 60%,90%and100%,the pregnancy rates were 83.33%,66.67%and 90%,and the reproductive rates of the test goats were 90%,90%and 150%.These results indicate that estrus-stimulating feed additives can improve the reproductive performance of dairy goats.2.The addition of estrus-stimulating feed additives in the diet significantly increased the dry matter intake of ewes in the low-dose group and high-dose group in experiment 2（P<0.05）,significantly improved the average daily gain and body condition development of young ewes in experiment 1（P<0.05）;significantly increased the plasma immunoglobulin Ig G and Ig M contents of dairy goats in experiment 1 and experiment 2（P<0.05）;significantly increased the plasma GSH-Px and SOD contents of dairy goats in experiment1 and experiment 2（P<0.05）,the effect of the high-dose group was the best;it significantly increased the plasma E2 and FSH contents of dairy goats in experiment 1,experiment 2 and experiment 3（P<0.05）;there was no significant effect on the contents of TC and TG in the plasma of dairy goats in experiment 1,experiment 2 and experiment 3.3.The use of estrus-stimulating feed additives in the diet had no significant effect on the rumen p H of the goats in experiment 1,experiment 2 and experiment 3（P>0.05）,but significantly reduced the concentration of NH3-N in the rumen of the goats in experiment 1and experiment 3（P<0.05）,it had no significant effect on the total VFA content and the ratio of acetate/propionate in experiment 1,experiment 2 and experiment 3.There was no significant effect on the dominant flora（Prevotella）and relative abundance in the rumen microorganisms of dairy goats in experiment 2 and experiment 3（P>0.05）;the KEGG metabolic pathway was not changed.4.Using network pharmacology to screen out 32 potential active ingredients in estrus-stimulating feed additives,construct a network of active ingredients in estrus-stimulating feed additives and potential targets acting on goat reproduction based on bioinformatics,and obtain 73 potential estrus-stimulating feed additives that affect goat reproduction according to the degree value,10 core targets IL6,ESR1,PTGS2,AKT1,CASP3,EGFR,MYC,TP53,TNF and CTNNB1 were screened out.Enrichment analysis found that the potential targets were mainly concentrated in cell aging,endocrine resistance,MAPK signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway;a total of 156 components were identified in estrus-stimulating feed additives by UHPLC-MS technology,and the core components identified were quercetin,luteolin,isorhamnetin and kaempferol,consistent with the predicted core component results,indicating that quercetin,luteolin,isorhamnetin and kaempferol may be key substances affecting the reproductive process of dairy goats.In conclusion,under the conditions of this study,the use of estrus-stimulating feed additives can improve the antioxidant capacity,immune performance and reproductive hormone levels of dairy goats,improve the estrus rate,pregnancy rate and reproductive rate of dairy goats,and has a positive effect on improving the reproductive performance of dairy goats. |
