| Apple is a deciduous fruit tree,one of the most grown fruits in the world.Due to its strong ecological adaptability,rich fruit nutrition content,excellent taste,unique flavor,storage-resistant transportation,can achieve annual market supply and other characteristics,has increasingly developed into an international fruit.The apple industry is vital to the progress of the fruit industry in our country,but the varieties of single cultivation in our country,the mature period is relatively concentrated,the fruit quality is uneven,and has very few fine varieties with independent intellectual property rights in China,which has become one of the major factors that restrict the progress of high-quality fruit.The introduction of varieties from abroad can alleviate the dilemma of the development of Chinese apple industry in a short time,but to solve the problem completely,we need to accelerate the pace of independent breeding of new varieties.Apple breeding has made some success recently,but it is still very important to select the varieties with good comprehensive characters and suitable for widespread cultivation.In this study,the botanical characters,fruit economic characters and resistance to putrid disease of 16 superior hybrid lines with ’Honeycrisp’ as the parent were investigated in the field with the parent ’Honeycrisp’ and the main cultivar’Nagano Fuji No.2’ as the control.The drought resistance of three key superior lines was evaluated.The major findings are as follows:1.In terms of growth and fruiting habits,the superior lines in the Luochuan region of Yan’an,’L 31-103’ and ’W 33-105’ mature in mid August;The mature period of the superior lines ’L 10-23’,’E 52-46’,’L 12-2’,’E 63-95’ and ’E 43-45’ is similar to that of their parent’Honeycrisp’,all of which mature in early September;The mature periods of the superior lines ’E 43-51’,’W 90-30’,’W 94-134’,’L 31-67’,’W 87-65’,and ’S 39-66’ are in mid to early September;The superior lines ’N 11-117’,’N 16-124’,’N 3-67’ and ’Nagano Fuji No.2’ all mature in October and belong to the late maturing variety.The tree vigor of the superior lines ’N 16-124’,’L 31-103’,’E 52-46’,’E 43-51’,’W 33-105’,’W 94-134’,’N 3-67’,’L 31-67’,and ’E 43-45’ is stronger.2.In terms of external quality,16 apple hybrid superior lines could be divided into red and yellow according to the difference of fruit color.There were 12 apple superior lines with red skin and 4 apple superior lines with yellow skin.The five superior lines,’L 31-103’,’E43-51’,’W 33-105’,’L 31-67’ and ’E 43-45’,are positive in shape,high in pile,uniform in size and moderate in size,smooth in surface,gorgeous in color and good in appearance.3.In terms of internal quality,the fruit pulp of the eight superior lines,’L 31-103’,’E52-46’,’E 43-51’,’W 90-30’,’N 16-124’,’N 3-67’,’L 31-67’ and ’S 39-66’,are delicate,tender,crisp and juicy,sweet and sour and refreshing.The fruit has a good overall taste.4.In terms of stress resistance,’L 10-23’ and ’L 31-67’ had strong resistance to putrefaction disease;The drought resistance of ’N 3-67’ was relatively strong,and the drought resistance of the three key lines was ’N 3-67’ > ’E 52-46’ > ’L 31-67’.5.Comprehensive characteristics of ’L 31-103’,’E 52-46’,’E 43-51’,’N 3-67’ and ’L31-67’ were relatively good in terms of fruit appearance quality and internal quality,and the existing deficiencies had relatively little effect on the overall fruit quality.Improvements can be made through appropriate measures. |
