| As one of the major apple-producing provinces, Shaanxi Province’s apple cultivated area has reached 695.16 million hectares by 2015, and its apple yield has achieved 10.373 million tons. But so far as the present condition is concerned, the scarce domestically developed fine varieties with intellectual property rights are limiting the healthy development of China’s apple industry. So the most urgent problem is how to breed fine varieties. In addition, It is aimless to judge and estimate the picking time according to the growing days of fruits, so we need a simple and reliable way to determine the appropriate harvest day.This experiment is conducted in Luochuan apple experimental station. The experiment investigate the fine hybridization strains that are bred from Honeycrisp, Qinguan and Fuji,observes their biological characteristics, phenological period, fruit economic prosperities and so on, researches the picking time of Fuji, Gala and Shinano red with starch index methods.The research contents and results were listed as follows:1.Three-years old North 49-152: cylindrical crown, medium to weak tree vigor, oval vane, large buds,pale pink and oval petals, a higher proportion of brachyplasts in bearing branches. The full-bloom stage of North 49-152 in Luochuan is around April 25 th, the harvest season of fruits is in early October with 165 days fruit bearing period. The fruit shape index is0.85, fruits are medium size, their diameters are 70- 82 mm,the average weight of a single fruit is 193.74 g, the maximum weight is 240 g. The fruits have short stems, milk white flesh and wide carpopodial depressions, the peeled fruits’ hardness index is 7.61 kg / cm2 at harvest with 15.71 % soluble solid and 0.61 % titratable acid. North 49-152 has no fruit dropping phenomenon before picking, has strong drought and cold resistance, high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions.2. Three-years old South 10-3:conical crown, medium to weak tree vigor, oval vane,large buds, white and oval petals, a higher proportion of brachyplasts in bearing branches. The full-bloom stage of North 49-152 in Luochuan is around April 22 th,the harvest season is not clear. The fruit shape index is 0.83,their diameters are 78- 88 mm,the average weight of asingle fruit is 243.39 g, the maximum weight is 291.62 g. In early October,he peeled fruits’ hardness index is 8.98kg/cm2 with 15.91 % soluble solid and 0.40 % titratable acid. This type has strong drought and cold resistance high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions,general insect resistance and disease resistance. It has no resistance to early leaf disease,powdery mildew and rot, aphids, medium resistance to spider mites and leafminer, fruit rust disease occur in fruit growing.3. Three-years old North 19-147:cylindrical crown, medium tree vigor, oval vane, large buds, white and oval petals, a higher proportion of brachyplasts in bearing branches. The full-bloom stage of North 19-147 in Luochuan is around April 26 th, the harvest season of fruits is in late September with 155 days fruit bearing period. The fruit shape index is0.83,fruits are large, their diameters are 85- 100 mm,the average weight of a single fruit is325.22 g, the maximum weight is 381.20 g.The fruits are cyan with thin pericarp and thick wax coat, the fruit surface are red with stripes, The fruits have medium thick stems and deep carpopodial depressions, the flesh is succulent and high quality. The peeled fruits’ hardness index is 7.32 kg / cm2 at harvest with 16.00 % soluble solid and 0.29 % titratable acid. North19-147 has fruit dropping and cracking phenomenon before picking, has strong drought and cold resistance, fruit rust disease occur after fruit collection.This experiment produces a starch index plate of Fuji, Gala and Shinano red to estimate the maturity. According to starch index method, Fuji is suitable for storage when its starch index is 4(October 7th), it is suitable for sale when the starch index is 5(October 14th),its flesh began to turn soft after October 26, so all fruits should be harvested completely before this time.When the starch index of Shinano red is 4(August 10th), it is suitable for storage,when its starch index is 5(August 14),it is suitable for sale, harvesting should be completed before August 18th; Gala is suitable for storage when its starch is 4(August 25th),it is suitable for sale when the starch value is 5(August 30th), so Gala should be fully harvested before September 13. |
