Analysis On Genetic Characteristics Of Hybrid Offsprings Of Gala Apple

31 apple intercrossing hybrid offsprings(F1)of ’Mato’ and ’Gala’ were used as experimental materials to investigate and evaluate comprehensively,including the phenological period,botanical characteristics,biological characteristics,genetic characteistics,fruit economic characteristics,etc.According to the evaluation results,the inheretance regularity and the integrated fruit qualities of the parents and F1 were preliminarily analyzed,which provided some theoretical basis for parental selection in the process of apple breeding.The main investigation results showed as follows:(1)The fruit ripening period of F1 ranged from early July to mid-August.The name of the early-ripening fruit types were T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T9,T11,T12,T13,T14,T15,G1,G8,G11,G12 and G14,etc.The name of the mid-ripening fruit types were T7,T8,T10,T16,T17,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7,G9,G10 and G13,etc.The ripening period of F1 showed the trend of paternal inheritance,and the fruit ripening period of orthogonal hybrid offsprings were significantly earlier than that of reciprocal hybrid offsprings.(2)The analysis of the inheritance regularity of fruit qualities of F1 showed that the variation coefficients of fruit vertical and horizontal diameters and fruit shape index were small,and their inheritance of transfer abilities were strong,while the variation coefficient of single fruit weight was large,which indicated that the inheritance trend of F1 fruits was "large fruit type".The coefficient of variation of soluble solids content in F1 fruits was small and its inheritance of transfer ability was strong.The titratable acid content in F1 fruits showed the inheritance trend of "low acid" compared with parent fruits.The fruit solid acid ratio of orthogonal hybrid offsprins was significantly lower than that of reciprocal hybrid offsprings;F1fruits hardness showed an inheritance trend of ’low hardness’ compared with parent fruits hardness.Comparing with parent fruit,soluble sugar content of F1 fruits of the orthogonal hybrid offsprings showed the inheritance trend of "high sugar",and the reverse hybrid offsprings showed the inheritance trend of "low sugar".Which indicated that F1 fruits showed an inheritance trend of separation of fruit flavor,most of which were sour-sweet types.(3)Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluated and analyzed to get quality scores,including the 11 internal and external quality indexes(fruit vertical and horizontal diameter,single fruit weight,hardness,soluble solids content,soluble sugar content,titratable acid content,vitamin C content,SOD activity,total flavonoids content and total phenols content)of F1 and parent fruits at different ripening stages.From which intergrated quality of these different kind of apple fruits can be reflected.The evaluated results showed that the intergrated fruit qualites of F1 and parents from high to low was T12 > G1 > Mato > G8 >G5 > T5 > G13 > T2 > G2 > T7 > T1 > G10 > G3 > Gala > T13 > G11 > T3 > T4 > T9 > G9 >G12 > T14 > G14 > T15 > T11 > T10 > T8 > T16 > G6 > G7 > G4 > T6 > T17.The comprehensive evaluation scores of T12,G1,G8,T5,T2,T1,T13,G11 and T3 in early ripening fruit types of F1 were higher,whose scores were 1.51,1.41,1.01,0.63,0.54,0.38,0.18,0.11 and 0.01 respectively.The comprehensive evaluation scores of G5、G13、G2、T7、G10 and G3 in mid-ripening fruit types of F1 were higher,whose scores were 0.64、0.56、0.47、0.4、0.29 and0.28 respectively.which indicated these types of F1 fruits had excellently intergrated qualities.(4)Cluster analysis was conducted on the integrated fruit qualitis of F1 and parent fruits.The results showed that the intergrated fruit qualities of T15,T2,T10,T16,T3,T11,T5,T9,T12,G4,G12,G13 and G14 were similar to that of Gala including large fruit type,near-circular,high hardness,high SOD content and sour-sweet taste,respectively.The intergrated fruit qualities of T7,T1,T6,T17,T14,T13,T8,T4,G1,G9,G3 and G11 were similar to those of Mato including medium fruit type,flat round shape,low hardness,high SOD content,high Vc content,high total flavonoids content,high total phenol content,and sweet-acid taste,respectively.The intergrated fruit qualities of G5,G2,G7,G8 and G10 was quite different from that of their parents.Among them,G5,G2,G8 and G10 showed large fruit type,nearly circular,high hardness,low SOD content,high Vc content,high total flavonoids content,high total phenol content,and sour-sweet taste,respectively.which indicated those types of F1 had certainly potential and promotional values.