The Impact Of Increased Labor Costs On Farmers’ Input Structure Of Forestland Management

In the process of promoting ecological conservation and forestry industry development,China’s collective forests play an irreplaceable role.After the new round of collective forestland tenure reform has been comprehensively implemented,most of the collective forest has been contracted to households,and scattered peasant households have become the main body of collective forestland management at present.Under the influence of the increased rural labor cost,according to the expectation of induced technical change theory,farmers should adjust the structure of forestry investment to the direction of capital deepening.However,according to the continuous monitoring data of fixed samples carried out by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration in the collective forest areas,faced with the increased rural labor costs,the adjustment of the input structure of farmers in the collective forest areas is relatively slow,and the capitalization and mechanization trend of the input structure is not obvious.This phenomenon is neither in line with the theoretical expectation,nor with the reality that the proportion of capital factors in the input of agricultural production is rapidly increasing.This leads to the following questions: why does the adjustment trend of farmers’ forest input structure in collective forest areas not conform to the theoretical expectation? What are the reasons for the failure of capitalization of farmers’ input in forestland? Answering the above questions is conducive to clarifying the factor substitution constraints of forestland management in collective forest areas and improving forestry production benefits.The research thoughts are as follows: basing on the literature and the actual production situation of collective forestry,the key factors that restrict the transformation of the input structure of farmers’ forest management are analyzed and pointed out.On the basis of current situation analysis and correlation analysis,following the research thought of "theoretical analysis-empirical test-summary",it is verified that the low level of socialized forestry service supply is the key constraint of farmers’ forestry input structure transformation,and the internal factors affecting the level of socialized forestry service supply are analyzed,so as to provide empirical reference for mitigating the constraints of forestry input structure adjustment.The main research contents are as follows: 1.Analysis of the increased rural labor cost and the current situation of the input structure of farmers in collective forest areas;The level of forestry socialized service supply is Measured and described;the relationship between increased labor cost,forestry input structure and forestry socialized service supply is analyzed.2.From the perspective of low supply level of forestry socialized services,the impact of increased labor costs on the input structure of farmers’ forestland management is theoretically analyzed and empirically tested,and the moderating effect of the supply level of forestry socialized services is clarified.3.Studying the impact of topographic conditions and the new round of collective forestland tenure reform on the input structure of forestland management.4.From the three aspects of market conditions,forestry policy intensity and household resource endowment,the heterogeneity of the moderating effect of forestry socialized service supply level is discussed respectively.5.After determining that the insufficient supply of socialized forestry services is the key constraint for the transformation of forestry input structure,the influence of forestry policy,forestry resource endowment and forestry production conditions on the supply level of socialized forestry services is verified based on the data at the village and township levels.Based on the balanced panel data of continuous monitoring with fixed samples,the empirical analysis is carried out using panel Tobit,panel OLS,instrumental variable method,CLAD model,etc.The following conclusions are verified: 1.The capitalization trend of forestry production input structure of farmers in collective forest area is slow,and the supply level of forestry socialized service is low;Under the background of increased labor cost,there is an obvious correlation between the supply level of socialized forestry services and the input structure of farmers’ forestland management.2.The increase of rural labor costs promote the capitalization of farmers’ forestland input structure in collective forest areas,but this impact will be moderated by the level of socialized forestry service supply.3.Under the same conditions,the better forestry market conditions,the higher forestry policy intensity and the stronger resource endowment of farmers lead to the more obvious positive effect of forestry socialization service on promoting the capitalization of farmers’ forestland input structure.4.In the process of forestry production and management,poor terrain conditions will restrict the transformation of farmers’ input structure in forestland;A new round of collective forestland tenure reform has promoted farmers in collective forest areas to use capital factors instead of labor factors.5.The implementation of forestry policy,strong endowment of forestry resources and better forestry production conditions are conducive to the improvement of the supply level of forestry socialized services.Based on this,in order to promote the factor substitution of farmers’ input in forestland and realize the high-quality development of the forestry industry,the following policy suggestions are put forward: 1.The construction of forestry socialized service system should be accelerated to mitigate the key constraints of the transformation of forestry input structure,further enhance the enthusiasm of farmers in forestland management,and improve the efficiency of forestry production.2.Promote the development of forestry mechanization,raise the level of forestry mechanical equipment,encourage the invention and utilization of suitable forestry machinery,and promote the mechanization of forestry production.3.Further promote the supporting reform of the new round of collective forestland tenure reform,and promote the construction of forestry markets.4.When mitigating the constraints of the transformation of the farmers’ input structure in forestland and promoting the development of the socialized forestry service system,it is necessary to pay attention to the coordination of the forestry marketization,the implementation of forestry policies and the capital endowment of farmers,and take multiple measures simultaneously to promote the modernization of the forestry industry in collective forest areas.5.Taking forestry policy and forestry project implementation as the starting point,starting from improving farmers’ forestry resource endowment and guiding farmers to adopt socialized services,the government should promote the development of socialized forestry service system according to local conditions.