| As one of the four major nuts in the world,hazelnuts have broad development prospects,but due to extensive cultivation management,hazelnuts have low yield and high empty shell rate in some production areas.In this experiment,the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium deficiency,CK+ organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer were set up for two consecutive years on the soil nutrients,hazelnut growth,leaf physiological indicators,flower bud characteristics and fruiting characteristics,and the fertilization treatment combination that was most conducive to its flowering and fruiting was found,in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for the planting management and industrial development of hazelnut.The results of the trial are as follows:1.Among the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrient content for two consecutive years,in terms of soil alkaline nitrogen hydrolyzability,the soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content in 0～20cm soil layer and 20～40cm soil layer under CK+ organic fertilizer treatment was the highest,which increased by 20.171%,20.171%,21.029% and21.029% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK),respectively.Among the effects on soil available phosphorus,the soil available phosphorus content in 0～20cm soil layer and 20～40cm soil layer under CK+ organic fertilizer treatment was the highest,which increased by 43.719%,43.624%,45.367% and 46.208% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK),respectively.Among the effects on soil available potassium,the soil available potassium content in 0～20cm soil layer and 20～40cm soil layer under organic fertilizer treatment was the highest,which increased by 46.703%,46.818%,67.015% and 66.179%compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK),respectively.At the same time,nitrogen deficiency treatment had the greatest effect on soil alkaline nitrogen hydrolysis,and phosphorus deficiency treatment had the greatest effect on soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium.2.Among the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth indexes of large fruit hazelnuts for two consecutive years,such as the diameter of the base of the fruiting mother branch,the diameter of the top tip of the fruiting mother branch,the total number of shoots on the fruiting parent branch,the number of fruiting branches,the number of leaves on the fruiting branches,the number of buds on the fruiting branches and the length of the fruiting mother branches,the experimental results showed that the influence of each treatment on its growth indexes was manifested as CK+ organic fertilizer treatment> conventional fertilization treatment(CK),>phosphorus deficiency treatment> potassium deficiency treatment> nitrogen deficiency treatment> organic fertilizer treatment.3.Among the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physiological characteristics of leaves of Hazelnut of large fruit for two consecutive years,it was found that the value of CK+ organic fertilizer treatment was the smallest in terms of plasma membrane permeability index,indicating that the degree of damage to cell membrane by this treatment was the smallest,while the value of CK+ organic fertilizer treatment was higher than that of other treatments in other leaf physiological indicators,indicating that CK+ organic fertilizer treatment was the most conducive to preventing damage to cell membrane,and at the same time played a positive role in promoting the values of various indicators in leaf indexes except plasma membrane permeability.The nitrogen deficiency treatment had the greatest impact on the soluble sugar,soluble protein and starch content indexes of leaves,which were 71.937% and75.415% of the conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in the two consecutive years,respectively.72.178%,74.221%;70.670%,75.426%.In terms of protective enzymes,phosphorus deficiency treatment had the greatest effect on peroxidase activity and catalase activity,but potassium deficiency treatment had the greatest degree of damage to cell membrane in plasma membrane permeability,and nitrogen also showed the greatest influence on chlorophyll and photosynthetic fluorescence.4.In the study of flowering and fruiting characteristics of hazelnuts with different fertilization treatments for two consecutive years,it was found that the first tip of the female flower stigma turned red four days earlier than that of conventional fertilization treatment(CK)under CK+ organic fertilizer treatment.The pale green male inflorescences of hazelnuts under CK+ organic fertilizer treatment appeared two days earlier than those of conventional fertilization treatment(CK).Among the pollen activity indexes,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and in the fertilization test for two consecutive years,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 0.060% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK).Among the powder yield indexes,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and in the fertilization experiment for two consecutive years,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 6.514% and 7.000% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK),respectively.Among the endogenous hormones such as auxin,gibberellin and abscisic acid,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment values were the highest.The effects of different fertilization treatments on fruiting characteristics,such as: in terms of fruit soluble sugar,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by0.652% and 1.201% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in the two years,respectively.In terms of fruit soluble protein,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 4.782% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in two years.In terms of fruit starch content,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 5.323% and6.147% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in two years,respectively.In terms of crude fat content of fruits,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 0.853% and 1.386% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in two years,respectively.In terms of fresh weight per fruit,CK+organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 8.069% and 7.199% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in the two years.In terms of fruit set rate,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+organic fertilizer treatment increased by 8.244% and 8.939% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in the two years.In terms of kernel yield,CK+ organic fertilizer treatment had the highest value,and CK+ organic fertilizer treatment increased by 2.290% and4.545% compared with conventional fertilization treatment(CK)in two years.It shows that the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer is the most conducive fertilization treatment combination for the flowering and fruiting of large fruit hazelnuts. |
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