| Agricultural machinery cooperatives shoulder the main task of corn mechanization production in Jilin Province.In the black soil area of Jilin Province,straw returning mode is adopted for most corn planting.There are many problems,such as unreasonable arrangement of machinery and tools,low efficiency of operation,mismatching between the amount of machinery and tools and the scale of land operation of agricultural machinery cooperatives.Through field visit,questionnaire survey and literature research,this paper analyzes and studies the reasonable degree of machinery and tools allocation,the appropriate scale of land operation in agricultural machinery and tools cooperatives,and the factors affecting the efficiency of machinery and tools operation,optimizes the scheme of agricultural machinery and tools cooperatives with unreasonable allocation,and puts forward some suggestions on improving the efficiency of machinery and tools operation.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)On the basis of summarizing the technical model of straw returning in the eastern,central and western regions of Jilin Province,the present situation and reasonable degree of equipment allocation in agricultural machinery cooperative were analyzed.In this paper,a method was established to determine the level of the completed operation of machinery and tools.By analyzing the reasonable allocation of machinery and tools in the plowing,sowing and harvesting links of agricultural machinery cooperatives,it was calculated that among 284 typical agricultural machinery cooperatives,32%strip cultivator,30%straw crushing and returning machine,44%heavy harrow,18%two-row no-tillage planter,14%four-row no-tillage planter,33%two-row corn combine,51%four-row corn combine and 39%five-row corn combine were unreasonable in configuration.(2)Based on the mathematical model of economic returns and the reasonable service area model of the unit,combined with the research results of the production cost cash input,grain output,and existing equipment configuration of agricultural machinery cooperatives in Jilin Province,the appropriate land management scale of agricultural machinery cooperatives in different regions of the province was calculated.Among them,the eastern region was 61-102hm~2,the central region was 79-127 hm~2,and the western region was 68-145 hm~2.(3)The typical agricultural machinery cooperatives in the eastern,central and western regions of Jilin Province were selected.Aiming at the problems of straw crushing and returning machine,two row no tillage planter and two row corn combine harvester idle in the main production links,the strip plow was overloaded,and the five row corn combine harvester was too small,the optimization scheme of machinery configuration was established.(4)Analyze the main factors that affect the actual field operation efficiency of machinery and propose relevant countermeasures and suggestions.The main factors affecting work efficiency include the quality of machinery and tools,the size of land plots,the comprehensive level of agricultural machinery operators,and cross regional operation service information.It is recommended that relevant departments build high standard farmland,improve the quality of agricultural machinery operators,improve the performance of machinery and tools,and establish an operation service information exchange platform. |
