| Cherax quadricarinatus is an important economic shrimp species in China,with the higher market economic value.However,the development of Cherax quadricarinatus aquaculture industry in our country is relatively lagging behind,and there is a lack of corresponding technology such as formulated feeds for artificial feeding.Currently,the feed used for aquaculture is still mainly shrimp farmers’ self mixed feed and krill raw crayfish feed.Arginine plays an important role in the metabolism of organisms.It is a molecular precursor with significant biological significance for protein synthesis,and has a certain role in promoting growth and development,regulating immune function,and enhancing antioxidant capacity.For Cherax quadricarinatus,arginine is an essential amino acid for growth and development,and must be added in moderation in the diet.However,there are currently no reports on the nutritional requirements for arginine in Cherax quadricarinatus.Therefore,in order to study the optimal ratio of adding arginine to the feed of Cherax quadricarinatus,this experiment used Cherax quadricarinatus(22.36 g±1.04)as the experimental object and conducted a 56 day feeding experiment in the circulating water system of the laboratory.Five types of feed with arginine concentrations of 0%,0.8%,1.6%,2.4%,and 3.2%were prepared using the equal nitrogen method,named as groups one,two,three,four,and five,with the first group being the control group.By collecting samples of Cherax quadricarinatus and testing related indicators such as growth performance,muscle amino acids,immune function,and antioxidant capacity,this study explores the changes in growth performance,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of Cherax quadricarinatus under different concentrations of arginine feed conditions,the results providing basic data for improving the artificial formula feed technology of Cherax quadricarinatus and improving feed utilization rate.The results are as follows:1.Changes in growth performance of Cherax quadricarinatus under different concentrations of arginine feed conditionsMale shrimp:Compared with other groups,the final body weight,hepatopancreatic index,specific growth rate,and weight gain rate of male shrimp in the third and fourth groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Isoleucine,leucine,valine,methionine,threonine,lysine,phenylalanine,histidine,arginine,aspartic acid,serine,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and tyrosine in the muscles were significantly increased in the four groups(P<0.05).Female shrimp:Compared with other groups,the final body weight,body length,meat yield,plumpness,specific growth rate,and weight gain rate of the third and fourth groups significantly increased(P<0.05),and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The levels of isoleucine,leucine,valine,methionine,threonine,lysine,phenylalanine,histidine,arginine,aspartic acid,serine,glycine,alanine,and tyrosine in muscles were significantly increased in the three and four groups(P<0.05).2.Changes in antioxidant capacity of Cherax quadricarinatus under different concentrations of arginine feed conditionsMale shrimp:In the liver,pancreas,intestine,and serum,the CAT(catalase)enzyme activity level has the highest value in the third and fourth groups and is significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05),showing a trend of first increasing,then decreasing,and then increasing.The levels of NO(nitric oxide)in serum were the highest in the three groups,significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).In hepatopancreas,intestine and serum,the activity of T-SOD(superoxide dismutase)reached the highest value in the third and fourth groups,and was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).The activity level of GSH-PX(glutathione peroxidase)was the highest in the first and second groups,and was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the level of MDA(malondialdehyde)was significantly reduced(P<0.05)and reached its lowest value in the third group.The expression level of CuZn SOD mRNA(copper/zinc superoxide dismutase)mRNA significantly increased in hepatopancreas and intestine(P<0.05)and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.In hepatopancreas,the expression level of the second group was the highest,and in intestine,the expression level of the fourth group was the highest.The expression level of GST mRNA(glutathione S transferase)showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,with the highest value in the third group in the liver and pancreas,which was significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05).Female shrimp:CAT activity in the liver,pancreas,intestines,and serum was highest in the third and fourth groups and significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).In serum,NO levels were highest and significantly higher in the four groups than in the other groups(P<0.05).In the liver,pancreas,intestine,and serum,T-SOD activity was highest in the fourth and fifth groups,significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).In the liver,pancreas,intestine,and serum,GSH-PX had the highest activity in the first and second groups,and was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).In the liver,pancreas,intestine,and serum,MDA levels were highest in the three and five groups,and significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).The expression level of CuZn SOD mRNA showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the hepatopancreas and intestine.In the hepatopancreas,the third group had the highest expression level,while in the intestine,the fourth group had the highest expression level,significantly increasing compared to the control group(P<0.05).In the hepatopancreas and intestine,the expression level of GST mRNA showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The third group had the highest expression level in the hepatopancreas,and the second group had the highest expression level in the intestine,significantly increasing compared to the control group(P<0.05).3.Changes in immune ability of Cherax quadricarinatus under different concentrations of arginine feed conditionsMale shrimp:In the liver,pancreas,intestines,and serum,ACP(acid phosphatase)activity was the highest and significantly higher in the third and fourth groups than in the other groups(P<0.05),showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing;The activity of AKP(alkaline phosphatase)in the liver,pancreas,intestine,and serum was highest in the second and fourth groups and significantly higher than in the other groups(P<0.05).In the liver,pancreas,intestine,and serum,LZM(lysozyme)activity was the highest and significantly higher in the third and fifth groups than in the other groups(P<0.05).In the serum,GOT(glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)and GPT(alanine aminotransferase)activities showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the highest activity was found in the five groups,which was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).The expression level of Crustin(chitin)mRNA showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with a maximum value in the second group in the liver and pancreas,and a maximum value in the third group in the intestine,significantly increasing compared to the control group(P<0.05).In the liver,pancreas,and intestines,the expression level of HSP-70 mRNA(heat shock 70kDa protein)showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest values in the third group and a significant increase compared to the control group(P<0.05).Female shrimp:In serum,ACP activity is highest in the third and fourth groups,and significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05),showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing;In the serum,AKP activity was highest and significantly higher in the two groups than in the other groups(P<0.05),showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The LZM activity of liver and pancreas in groups 3,4,and 5 was significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05);In serum,the five groups had the highest activity and were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).In serum,GOT and GPT showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,with the highest activity in the five groups and significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).The expression level of Crustin mRNA showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.In the liver and pancreas,the fourth group had the highest value,which was significantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05);In the intestine,the second group had the lowest value,which was significantly reduced compared to the control group(P<0.05).The HSP-70 mRNA showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest value in the fourth group in the liver and pancreas,and the highest value in the fourth group in the intestine,which showed a significant increase compared to the control group(P<0.05).In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,the arginine content of 1.6%-2.4%(measured value 2.66%-3.44%)is the optimal arginine feed concentration for the growth,antioxidant and immune abilities of Cherax quadricarinatus.It is recommended to add arginine at a recommended amount between 2.66%-3.44%in actual breeding activities. |
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