| The experiment was conducted in 2022 in the experimental field of the Ninth Company of the Sixth Mission,Alar City,First Division,Xinjiang,with the peanut variety "HuaYu25" and the cotton variety"ZhongCong619".Three intercropping patterns of peanut and cotton were set:3 rows of cotton and 2 rows of peanut(N3),4 rows of cotton and 2 rows of peanut(N4)and 6 rows of cotton and 2 rows of peanut(N6),while cotton alone(CK-M)and peanut alone(CK-H)were used as controls.The physiological and biochemical characteristics of different peanut-cotton intercropping patterns were studied,and the effects of intercropping patterns on their quality and yield were further explored.The main findings were as follows:(1)At low density planting density(N3 vs.N4),the crop had a significant advantage in all growth indicators compared to the dense intercropping pattern(N6).The planting conditions of intercropping affected the growth of cotton and peanut main stems,which on average increased the main stem height,lateral branch length and stem thickness of peanut by 11.3%,8.75%and 15.6%,respectively,and decreased the height and stem thickness of cotton by 5.34%and 3.78%,respectively,in the intercropping pattern.It tends to lead to vigorous growth and collapse of peanut,which affects the final yield of cotton.(2)In terms of dry matter quality,the intercropping pattern reduced the average dry matter accumulation of peanut and cotton,but increased the distribution rate on peanut pods and reduced the distribution rate on peanut leaves;and reduced the distribution rate of dry matter on the remaining late cotton reproductive organs.Among the intercropping patterns,the distribution rate of dry matter on peanut pods was the highest in the N4 pattern,reaching 37.21%,while the distribution rate on roots was lower,averaging only 6.67.Meanwhile,it was found that the distribution of dry matter on cotton in the N3 and N4 patterns was the most reasonable and had less impact on cotton yield,indicating that the N3 and N4 intercropping patterns were the better peanut and cotton intercropping patterns.(3)Photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)were slower in high density planting such as N6 and monoculture and faster in N3 and N4 low density conditions;stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)showed the opposite pattern,with lower data in low density and higher data in high density.At the same time,all the indicators reached their maximum differences during the peanut-cotton co-cropping period(July 20),indicating that excessive planting density is detrimental to photosynthesis of crop plants.n3 intercropping and n4 intercropping patterns were less affected by intercropping cotton,and the changes of the four indicators in the n3 pattern were:16.2%,10.3%,9.7%,and 9.4%,respectively;the changes of the four indicators in the n4 pattern were:13.2%,11.5%,10.1%,6.6%,therefore,N3 and N4 are better intercropping patterns.(4)The relationships between various growth indicators and yield of cotton and peanut were analyzed.The correlation between peanut yield and pod weight,number of pods and number of seeds was the most significant,with the highest correlation coefficient reaching 0.931.The correlation between cotton and boll number,stem thickness and number of fruiting branches per plant was the highest,with the highest correlation coefficient reaching 0.878.Meanwhile,the different intercropping patterns significantly reduced peanut yield and cotton yield,and the total economic output value increased in N3,N4 and N6 patterns compared with cotton alone The total economic output value increased by 280.26,496.65,and 244.57 yuan under N3,N4,and N6 patterns compared with cotton alone.Compared with peanut alone,the economic benefits of N3 and N6 modes decreased by 54.11 and 89.79 yuan,and N4 mode increased by 162.27 yuan.The LER of N4 model was 1.13,which indicated that it had obvious advantages of intercropping and helped to improve the overall efficiency of farm production. |
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