Mechanism Of Maize And Peanut Intercropping On Alleviating Peanut Continuous Cropping

The experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University from 2017 to 2018.The test materials were selected from the peanut variety “Shanhua 108” and the maize variety “Shan Nong 206”.In the two years of continuous peanut plots in 2015-2016,maize peanuts were used.Intercropping,intercropping treatment is as follows: maize peanut 1:4 intercropping(TJZ1),maize peanut 2:4intercropping(TJZ2),maize peanut 3:5 intercropping(TJZ3)three different modes,and maize monoculture crop(TLY)treatment as Pretreatment,and setting peanut continuous cropping(DDH)as a control treatment.From 2017 to 2018,the peanuts were planted in the corresponding processing plots.To study the effect of maize and peanut intercropping on alleviating peanut continuous cropping obstacles.The main findings are as follows:1.Effects of intercropping with maize and peanut on soil microenvironment of continuous cropping peanutMaize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment compared with control(DDH)treatment increased soil organic matter content,soil invertase and urease activity,soil bacteria and actinomycetes,and reduced soil fungi count;Maize monoculture(TLY)treatment increased soil organic matter content,soil bacteria and actinomycetes,soil catalase activity,and decreased soil available potassium,available phosphorus,and soil fungi.Maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment and maize monoculture(TLY)treatment can improve soil microenvironment.Compared with the two,maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment increased soil available potassium and available phosphorus,increased soil invertase and urease activity,increased soil bacterial actinomycetes;Maize monoculture(TLY)treatment increased soil catalase activity and reduced the number of soil fungi;there was no significant difference between the three maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatments.As the peanut planting age increases,the improvement effect of the soil microenvironment shows a decreasing trend.1.Effects of intercropping with maize and peanut on physiological characteristics of continuous cropping peanutMaize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment can promote the growth of peanut main stem and lateral branches,improve the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of functional leaves,increase leaf area index and root activity,and increase dryness.The amount of material accumulation can also increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD and CAT in peanut functional leaves,reduce the accumulation of MDA,and delay the senescence of peanut leaves.Compared with the treatment of three different maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3),the increase of chlorophyll content in maize peanut2:4(TJZ2)treatment reached a significant difference,while leaf area index,root activity,antioxidant enzyme activity,etc.no obviously different.Maize monocropping(TLY)treatment also improved peanut physiological characteristics compared to control(DDH)treatment.With the increase of peanut planting years,the improvement effect showed a downward trend,and the maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment decreased more than the maize monoculture crop(TLY)treatment,2017(the first year after the maize peanut intercropping planting peanut list)For planting),maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment showed significant differences in plant height,photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content compared with maize monocropping(TLY);2018(after maize and peanut intercropping)In the second year of peanut planting alone,the difference between the two gradually narrowed,and the difference disappeared significantly.3.Effects of intercropping with maize and peanut on yield and quality of continuous cropping peanutMaize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment and maize monoculture(TLY)treatment significantly increased the pod yield and seed kernel yield of continuous cropping peanut for two years.In 2017,there was no significant difference in the processing of maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)compared with maize monocropping(TLY).In 2018 the maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment significantly reduced the pod yield and seed kernel yield compared to the maize monoculture(TLY).The increase in peanut yield at maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)was lower than that of maize monoculture(TLY).Maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment and maize monoculture(TLY)treatment significantly increased the protein content and crude fat content of continuous cropping peanut.Compared with the two,maize and peanut intercropping(TJZ1,TJZ2,TJZ3)treatment increased peanut protein content and maize monoculture(TLY)treatment increased crude fat content.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,the intercropping treatment of corn and peanut improved the soil microenvironment,promoted the growth and development of peanuts,improved the yield and quality of peanuts,and alleviated the continuous cropping obstacles of peanuts.Treatment,and the mitigation effect time is lower than the corn single treatment,therefore,the corn and peanut intercropping has the effect of alleviating the peanut continuous cropping obstacle,but the subsequent peanut single cropping period should not be too long.Corn planting and intercropping treatment has similar mitigation effects on corn planting and planting multiple rows.The number of corn planting rows in corn and peanut intercropping treatment is not a key factor to alleviate peanut continuous cropping obstacles.Therefore,planting a row of corn in the corn-peanut intercropping system can alleviate peanut continuous cropping obstacles.This provides a new theoretical basis and technical guidance for the production of continuous crop peanuts.