Effect Of Different Peanut-maize Intercropping Patterns On The Physiological Characteristics,Yield And Quality In Continuous Cropping Peanut

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University in 2015-2016;the peanut variety of Shanhua108 and the corn variety of Shannong206 were used as experimental materials.Under the condition of peanut continuous cropping,nine treatments were arranged;including six intercropping patterns with the proportion of Peanut to Maize are 4:1(plastic film mulching: DJ1FM;without plastic film mulching: DJ1),4:2(plastic film mulching: DJ2FM;without plastic film mulching: DJ2)and 5:3(plastic film mulching: DJ3FM;without plastic film mulching: DJ3),respectively,mono-cropped peanut(plastic film mulching: DDHF;without plastic film mulching: DDH),and mono-cropped maize(DDY).To study the effects of physiological characteristics and yield and quality of peanut continuous cropping.The results were as follows:1 Effect on vegetative growth of continuous cropping peanutDifferent peanut-maize intercropping patterns significantly promoted the vegetative growth of peanut,leaf area index of intercropping peanut was reduced,canopy temperature of intercropping peanut was increased.Peanut-maize intercropping increased the growth rate of main stem and lateral branch at the middle and late stages of peanut development,it is unfavorable to the harmony between vegetative growth and reproductive growth,and causes excessive growth and lodging.The peanut leaf area index was proportional to the proportion of peanut in different intercropping.Compared with different intercropping patterns,peanut-maize intercropping 4:2 treatment was better for vegetative growth,and only improved the canopy temperature at 17:00 at the middle and late stages of peanut development,is the best peanut-maize intercropping treatment.2 Effect on physiological characteristics of continuous cropping peanutPeanut-maize intercropping significantly reduced photosynthetic rate,chlorophyllcontent,NR activity and root vigour of peanut.Peanut-maize intercropping also reduced the activity of senescent enzymes,but increased the content of MDA in peanut leaves.The proportion of peanut in the intercropping model was proportional to the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of peanut.The chlorophyll content of peanut in peanut-maize intercropping 4:2 treatment decreased minimum with the growth process.With the increase of the proportion of Maize in intercropping models,the activities of SOD,POD,CAT and soluble protein content in peanut leaves were obviously decreased.Peanut-maize intercropping 5:3 treatment showed that senescence enzyme activities were significantly lower than those of other intercropping treatments.Peanut-maize intercropping accelerated the accumulation of MDA in peanut at the middle and late stages of peanut development,it has a negative effect on the growth of peanut.3 Effects on the continuous cropping soil microenvironmentPeanut-maize intercropping can improve soil microenvironment of continuous cropping peanut.Peanut-maize intercropping organic content,urease,sucrase and catalase activity in Peanut Soil were significantly higher than that of mono-cropped peanuts.Peanut-maize intercropping was beneficial to increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in soil,and it also led to the increase of the quantity of soil fungi at the same time.The proportion of maize in intercropping system was proportional to the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in intercropping soil,and the 4:2 5:3 intercropping treatment showed the greatest increase in the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in continuous cropping peanut soil.4 Effects on yield and land equivalence ratio of peanutPeanut-maize intercropping patterns resulted in a significant decrease in peanut yield,and the 4:2,5:3 intercropping treatment reduced by more than 67%,while the 4:1intercropping treatment reduced by 61%.The number of pod per plant decreased in all the different intercropping system.And the kernel rate of peanut-maize 4:2 intercropping model was higher than the others.From the maize yield and economic benefits,the intercropping maize yield of 4:2 treatment had the least yield reduction and the highest economic benefit.From the LER can be seen,only the LER of peanut-maize 4:2 intercropping model was greater than 1.It shows that only the 4:2 intercropping model has an obvious inter temporal advantage,is the optimal intercropping treatment.5 Effects on quality of continuous cropping peanutPeanut-maize intercropping increased the protein content in peanut in different degrees,but the contents of crude fat and soluble sugar decreased,among them,peanut-maize 5:3intercropping model increased the content of protein most notably,and the soluble sugar content in peanut-maize 4:2 intercropping treatment decreased most obviously.In conclusion,the peanut-maize intercropping 4:2 treatment is the best model to optimize the continuous cropping of Peanut Soil and ensure the economic benefits.