Spatial Variability Of Soil Quality In Typical Korla Fragrant Pear Growing Areas In Korla Analysis And Evaluation

Object: Soil is the growth of Korla fragrant pear,soil quality affects the balsam pear planting benefit.In recent years,the balsam pear orchard has problems such as irrigation,fertilization and improper field management.This leads to the balsam pear orchard soil nutrient imbalance,fruit tree yield instability,fruit quality decline and other production practical problems.This paper selects a typical balsam pear orchard,and explores the spatial variation characteristics of orchard soil quality and comprehensive soil fertility status,which provides a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and management of Korla fragrant pear orchard.This can also promote the quality and efficiency of the Korla fragrant pear industry,healthy and steady development.Methods: The main planting area of balsam pear in Korla was taken as the study area,and a total of 50 representative Korla fragrant pear orchards were selected for soil sample collection.By combining field sampling and laboratory analysis,the content of soil salinity index,quick-acting nutrient index and effective state trace element index in orchard 0-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers were determined.The classical statistical method,geostatistical method and fuzzy evaluation method were used to elucidate the spatial variability characteristics of soil quality and comprehensive soil fertility in the main production area of Korla fragrant pear.Results:(1)Classical statistical analysis shows that the average value of soil particle composition in 0-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers of typical fragrant pear orchard in Korla is sand > powder > clay.The overall alkaline soil,0-40 cm soil layer fast-acting phosphorus,fast-acting potassium content is rich level,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen content is the average level;40-60 cm soil layer organic matter,fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium content is the average level,alkaline nitrogen content belongs to the level of deficiency.0-40,40-60 cm soil layer effective copper and effective zinc content are rich,effective manganese and effective iron content is slightly deficient.Vertically,the content of clay and powder particles in the surface soil was slightly higher than that in the deep soil,and the fertility status of the surface soil was better than that of the deep soil.0-40 and 40-60 cm soils had weak variability in p H,high intensity variability in conductivity,and medium intensity variability in particle composition,organic matter,alkaline decomposed nitrogen,fast-acting phosphorus,fast-acting potassium,effective copper,zinc,iron and manganese.(2)The spatial autocorrelation of soil organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and fast-acting potassium was weak,and the spatial autocorrelation of the remaining indicators was moderate.40-60 cm soil layer: soil clay,sand,organic matter,fast-acting phosphorus,effective Mn and effective Cu were consistent with the spherical model,soil alkaline nitrogen and effective Zn were consistent with the exponential model,and the remaining indicators were consistent with the Gaussian model.The spatial autocorrelation of soil conductivity,organic matter,fast-acting phosphorus and alkaline nitrogen is weak,and the spatial autocorrelation of the other indicators is moderate.The distribution of soil sand grains is more in the east and less in the west,and the distribution of clay and powder grains is opposite;soil alkalinity is highest in the central part of the soil and lower in the northeast and southeast than in the west;soil conductivity is lower in the east and central part of the soil as a whole;soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen are higher in the north and south than in the middle and west parts of the soil;soil fast-acting phosphorus is abundant in the north and south and lacking in the middle part of the soil;soil fast-acting potassium shows a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast;soil effective Mn Soil effective Mn is low in the central part and high in the south and west;soil effective Cu decreases from the central part to the surrounding area;soil effective Zn decreases from the northeast to the southwest;soil effective Fe is slightly lower in the central part and higher in the west and south.(3)Most of the soils in the study area are occupied by class III and IV,among which class III soils are most widely distributed,mainly in the north and south accounting for 61.80%,the better fertility class I soils are scattered in the north accounting for 2.72%,class II patches are distributed in the north and northwest accounting for 10.54%,the poor fertility class IV and V are mainly concentrated in the central accounting for 24.87% and 2.77%.Conclusions:The soil in the main production area of Korla fragrant pear is medium fertility level as a whole.Soil effective Mn and effective Fe are the main limiting factors limiting soil fertility in balsam pear orchards.The orchard should be supplemented with iron and manganese trace element fertilizers.The central region should also be properly supplemented with nitrogen and organic fertilizers.Management practices and irrigation methods significantly affect soil quality in balsam pear orchards.Fruit farmers can improve the soil quality of balsam pear orchard through inter-row grassing and correct selection of intercrops.Compared with diffuse irrigation balsam pear orchard use drip irrigation can effectively for soil fertilization.