Study On Fertilizer Efficiency Characteristics And Formula Fertilization Of Wine Crops In Shehong City

Wheat and sorghum,as the main food grain crop and miscellaneous grain crop,respectively,not only have an indispensable position in food security,but also play a vital role in the development of brewing industry,as being important wine crops needed for brewing.Due to the rapid development of well-known wine enterprises in Southwest China,the demand for localized wine crop production is soaring.However,the problem of unreasonable fertilization structure and excessive fertilization generally occurs in the local production of wheat and sorghum,resulting in the imbalance between the output of wheat and sorghum and the input of fertilizer resources,and the production of wine crops cannot meet the demand of wine industry.In order to promote the green and efficient production of local wine crops,it is of significance to investigate the nutrient requirement law of wine crops and apply formula fertilization with reasonable ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Therefore,we conducted a research about wine crop wheat and sorghum production in Shehong City.This research investigated the current situation of regional soil fertility,and carried out several field experiments to study the effects of different varieties,nutrient abundance and deficiency,different nitrogen application levels,and different formulations of compound fertilizer on plant dry matter,nutrient accumulation,yield and fertilizer agronomic efficiency of wheat and sorghum.The main results are as follows:（1）According to the soil survey results,the dryland soil in Shehong was mainly weakly alkaline,with soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the lower middle level,soil available phosphorus in the middle level,and soil available potassium in the upper middle level.（2）The results of wheat variety experiment showed that under the same fertilization condition,the yield of the variety Chuanfu 20 was the highest,reaching4951 kg·hm^-2.In the nutrient abundance and deficiency experiment,the wheat yield without fertilization was the lowest(1272 kg·hm^-2),and the weat yield under N2(187.5kg·hm^-2),P2(33.75 kg·hm^-2)and K2(22.5 kg·hm^-2)combined treatment was the highest(5056 kg·hm^-2),and the nutrient effects on plant dry matter accumulation,nutrient accumulation,yield and fertilizer agronomic efficiency of wheat were nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium from high to low.In different formular fertilization experiment,the wheat treated with Bilifu 28-6-6 compound fertilizer had the highest yield(5046 kg·hm^-2)and the highest nitrogen partial productivity(33.64 kg·kg^-1).（3）The experimental results of different nitrogen application levels showed that180 kg·hm^-2was the recommended nitrogen application level for sorghum production in Shehong wine crop base.In the nutrient abundance and deficiency experiment,the sorghum yield without fertilization was the lowest(1695 kg·hm^-2),while the sorghum yield under N1(198 kg·hm^-2),P1(72 kg·hm^-2)and K1(90 kg·hm^-2)combined treatment was the highest(5611 kg·hm^-2).The nutrient effects on plant dry matter accumulation,nutrient accumulation,yield and fertilizer agronomic efficiency of sorghum were N,P and K from high to low.In different formula fertilization experiment,the sorghum treated with Bilif 22-8-10 compound fertilizer had the highest yield(6633 kg·hm^-2)and the highest nitrogen partial productivity(36.85 kg·kg^-1).Considering the results of soil survey and field experiments,the wheat variety Chuanfu 20 is recommended for Shehong wine crop base.In terms of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization structure of wheat,the emphasis should be on the optimized application of nitrogen fertilizer.The recommended compound fertilizer formula for wheat is 28-6-6,and the recommended application rate is 535 kg·hm^-2.The recommended nitrogen application rate for sorghum production in Shehong wine crop base is 180 kg·hm^-2,and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer cannot be ignored in the structure of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization.The recommended compound fertilizer formula for sorghum is 22-8-10,and the recommended application rate is 818 kg·hm^-2.