| Effect of four kinds of fertilization management mode on wheat yield, populationdynamic, dry matter accumulation and dissimulation, nutrient uptake in He’nanProvince was conducted through field experiments at Wen xian county with the tapicalwheat variety (Yumai49-198) from2009to2011. The four different fertilizationmanagement modes were farmers practice mode T1, optimizing mode T2,super-high-yield mode T3and optimizing mode T4.The advantages and disadvantagesof the current widespread mode T1, T3and T2,T4（based on T1,T3）, and the feasibilityof realization of the high quality, high yield, high efficiency and sustainable wheatproduction were discussed, the main results were as follows:1. Compared with T1mode, T2, T3and T4mode yield of2009-2010and2010-2011were increased by11.7%,25.8%,24.4%and11.9%,14.3%,15.5%. From the yieldthree components to see, compared with T1, the per unit area ear number of T2, T3,and T4model was significantly reduced, but the grains per ear and1000-grainweight of the three modes were significantly increased, leading to final yield andfertilizer efficiency have different degrees of improvement. On the terms of PFP ofthe two years, T2mode was the highest, T3mode was minimum. Related analysisof the wheat yield and yield three components showed that yield had a very positiverelation with the grains per ear, and had a negative relation with ear number, but1000-grain weight is greatly influenced by the environment.2. The trend of dry matter accumulation of different fertilization modes in two yearswere showing a rapid increase after the first slow growth and then slow growth, nosignificant difference in each mode before the jointing stage, and it grew rapidlyafter the jointing stage. Dry matter accumulation rate curve of winter wheat showeda single peak in the reproductive period, the peak come out at the jointing stage(150d around after emergence), and the growth rate of T3, T4mode is obviouslygreater than T1, T2mode.3. Four modes’ dry matter accumulation and transfer of organs after anthesisexpressed that dry matter accumulation of leaf showed a decreasing trend after thefirst increase, its peak appears in seven days after anthesis. Increasing transportcapacity of leaf to the grain after anthesis is the basis of optimization mode toimprove the productivity and efficiency. Dry matter accumulation of stem andsheath is different with leaves, four modes showed a decreasing trend after the first increase. Rapid increase had been showed in0-7days; Slow increase had beenshowed in7-14days; Rapid decline had been showed from the14thday to harvest,its peak appeared at the14thday after anthesis, it showed improving transportcapacity of stem and sheath to the grain after anthesis is the basis of super-highyield and optimization mode to obtain high yield. Compared with the leaf, drymatter accumulation peak of the stem and sheath was postponed to7days, changeof dry matter accumulation of spike-stalk and glume was different with the stemand leaf, two years showed a bimodal trend, two peaks appear in the7thday and the21thday after anthesis.4. With different fertilization modes, the change of nitrogen stage cumulative amountwas different. Stage accumulation quantity of two years showed a bimodal trend,one peak was in the wintering–returning stage, and the other one was in jointing–anthesis stage. The trend of two years was that stage accumulation of T1mode wasgreater than the other modes before the returning period, and it increased slowlyfrom the jointing stage. Stage accumulation of T3, T4mode was significantlyincreased, especially in the jointing-anthesis period it was significantly higher thanother modes, all of that showed large amount of nitrogen accumulation was moreconducive to the improvement of yield during the later period.5. The fertilization mode could significantly affect the nitrogen uptake. Comparedwith T1, T2increased production through the increase of nitrogen translocation ofvarious oranges and their contribution rate on the leaves after anthesis. Increasingthe translocation of nitrogen in the leaves and stems and the contribution rate to thegrain were the high yield theoretical basis for T3,T4. It noted that jointing stagetopdressing could significantly increase the amount of nitrogen translocation of thestalk and leaves after anthesis and the contribution rate to grain.T4mode wouldhelp improve the amount of leaf nitrogen transporter and the contribution rate to thegrain.6. The grouting rate showed a declining trend after the first increasing in two years,single grain growth rate and single spike growth rate of wheat showed single-peakcurve change. High strength of the grout and high-value grouting duration were keyreasons for the increase of1000-seed weigh which were also the reason for T3,T4grain weight higher than T1, T2.7. In conclusion, the T2mode is the optimization of the popularization worthfertilization mode in the present production situation, T4mode is both the highyield and high efficiency optimal fertilization management mode in the high-yieldconditions. |
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