Field Difference Analysis And Productivity Improvement Of Sloping Farmland Under Different Tillage Measures In Black Soil Area Under Land Consolidation

In this paper,the typical sloping farmland in the southwest of Youyi Farm in Heilongjiang Province was selected as the research area,and soil moisture monitoring data,remote sensing image,and field sampling were acquired as data sources.By using literature research,comparative analysis,remote sensing inversion and other methods,a planting model of equal height and wide stalk suitable for sloping farmland in black soil area was constructed.By comparing the field differences of equal-height cultivation,wide-stem cultivation and traditional raised bed cultivation,the factors of productivity differences within the field scale were further explored,and relevant countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for productivity improvement in black soil area.The results are as follows:(1)Based on the establishment of broad ridge contour farming pattern,this paper determined parameters such as optimal ridge line slope and wide-stalk distance for crop growth in sloping farmland,then carried out ridge line direction design and wide-stalk construction,and determined that the slope range of the optimal ridge line for wide-stalk cultivation was 1～2.5°.By analyzing the slope and NDVI of the broad stalk plot and the standard plot from 2019 to2021,it was found that the greater the relief,the greater the spatial difference of growth.When the slope was about 1～2.5°,the slope cultivated land had certain drainage capacity and better crop growth,and the degree of spatial variation decreased.(2)Through comparative analysis of soil moisture,growth and yield of equal tall,wide stem and straight ridge plots,the field differences were obvious under different tillage practices.In terms of soil water,both equal-height and equal-height tillage can improve soil water storage capacity,reduce the spatial variation of soil water in the field,increase soil water infiltration after rainfall,and improve soil water status on the whole slope.In terms of growth,the growth rate of broad ridge plots increased gradually after broad ridge modification,and the crop growth rate of broad ridge and wide-stalk plots exceeded that of other wide-stalk plots in 2021.The continuous modification significantly improved the growth rate,and the spatial heterogeneity of broad ridge contour farming crops was the lowest.In terms of yield,the contour plots reconstructed over many years had the best effect on increasing yield.Compared with straight row planting,the yield distribution of contour planting and contour planting with wide stalk increased by 3.93% and 2.24%.Continuous reform has obvious effect on crop growth and cultivated land productivity.(3)It is feasible to construct inversion models of maize yield based on Planet images of different growth stages.Using random forest algorithm,multiple data sets of "single growth period" and "multi-growth period" were used as inputs to construct yield estimation models respectively.It was found that vegetation index data sets of multi-growth period could improve the accuracy and stability of the models.Among them,the combination of data sets of jointing stage add heading stage add maturity stage had the best performance,and the R2 reached 0.697.The RMSE was 586.7kg/hm2.The model could reflect the vegetation information of different growth stages and accurately invert the spatial distribution of maize yield.(4)At the plot scale,topography and tillage measures are the main factors causing productivity differences of slope cultivated land.Micro-topography differences such as elevation and slope lead to spatial heterogeneity of yield of the same plot.broad ridge contour farming had the best effect on reducing spatial heterogeneity of yield.(5)According to the results of this study,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for improving productivity in the black soil area: actively promoting cultivation methods of equal height and wide stalk;Give full play to the application of remote sensing technology in slope land regulation;Promoting the coordination of various tillage measures and supporting agricultural machinery;Coordinate farm capital technology to achieve effective improvement of slope land improvement;We will develop high-standard farmland with quality as the core.The research results have important strategic significance for the rapid development of land consolidation projects,the successful completion of high standard farmland construction tasks,and the realization of sustainable agricultural development.