Effects Of Mechanized Tillage And Sowing Methods On Soil Physical Properties And Corn Growth Traits

Black soil as an extremely precious natural resource in the world,is a high-quality land suitable for agriculture.As an important food production base in China,the Northeast black soil region plays a crucial role in ensuring national food security.However,the black soil areas in China have been in a long-term state of high intensity utilization and reuse and light cultivation.The black soil layer is being eroded at a rate of 0.3 to 1.0 cm per year,and the quantity and quality of organic matter in the cultivated layer are showing a downward trend.The phenomenon of soil degradation is particularly serious.In recent years,with the continuous increase of corn planting area,it has become a difficult problem for agricultural production to effectively utilize the residual corn straw on the surface after harvest.How to improve soil quality and achieve efficient and sustainable utilization of soil resources through scientific and reasonable tillage management systems is a key issue in current agricultural production.Taking typical cultivated black soil in Northeast China as the research object,the experimental field was divided using random block experiment method.The four processing methods include plow tillage and precision seeder sowing(PTS),rotary tillage and precision seeder sowing(RTS),no-tillage and notillage seeder sowing(NTS),no-tillage and precise sowing in stubble field(STS)(all four treatments involved total straw return).Explore the impact of different tillage and sowing methods on soil physical properties,corn growth traits,yield and yield components.And further use correlation analysis to clarify the correlation between corn yield and yield components,as well as the correlation between corn yield and plant characters.Using redundancy analysis,compare the effects of soil physical properties on corn plant growth during different testing periods.The main results obtained through the above experimental research are as follows:(1)NTS treatment can improve soil penetration resistance,with an average increase of 12% to 22.4%in 0-80 cm soil layer compared to PTS,RTS and STS treatments.PTS treatment can reduce soil bulk density,with an average decrease of 3.3% to 6.4% in 0-35 cm soil layer compared to RTS,NTS and STS treatments.STS treatment can improve soil moisture content,with an average increase of 1% to 4.6%compared to PTS,RTS and NTS treatments in 0-35 cm soil layers.STS treatment can reduce soil temperature during the mature stage of corn,which is on average 10% to 11.1% lower than PTS,RTS,and NTS treatments.(2)The tillage and sowing methods have a significant impact on soil penetration resistance,but over time,the impact of tillage and sowing methods on soil penetration resistance gradually decreases.After land preparation,the tillage and sowing methods have a significant impact on soil bulk density,but over time,the impact of different tillage and sowing methods on soil bulk density gradually decreases,and there is no significant impact on soil bulk density until the mature stage of corn.The tillage and sowing methods have no significant impact on soil moisture content.The tillage and sowing methods have a significant impact on soil temperature,and the lower the temperature,the greater the impact of tillage and sowing methods on soil temperature.(3)NTS treatment significantly reduced the plant height and stem diameter of maize seedlings,with an average plant height reduction of 10.7% to 22.6% compared to PTS,RTS and STS treatments,and stem diameter reduction of 27.1% to 35.1% compared to PTS,RTS,and STS treatments.There is a strong positive correlation between stem diameter and corn yield during the mature stage of corn.Two years of experimental results indicate,it can be concluded that implementing conservation tillage in the short term will not cause a significant decrease in corn yield.(4)During the early stages of corn growth,it is very sensitive to soil moisture conditions,and there is a negative correlation between plant stem diameter and soil moisture content.Soil temperature has a significant impact on the later growth and development of corn.Study provides a theoretical basis for improving soil quality in the black soil area of Northeast China,adapting to local conditions,and scientifically and reasonably selecting suitable tillage and sowing methods.