Effects Of Different Tillage Methods On Soil Physicochemical Properties And Yield Of Corn Under The Condition Of Straw Returning

Aiming at significant problems such as the decrease in the area of arable land on the black ground in the eastern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains,the decline in the quality of arable land,and the environmental problems caused by excess straw resources,this paper sets up the conditions for returning straw to the field combined with deep plowing + heavy harrowing(SDH),deep loosening + heavy harrowing(SSH),deep loosening and shallow turning + heavy harrowing(SSS),heavy harrowing(SH),rotary tillage(SRT)and no～tillage(SZT),and other tillage treatments.Traditional tillage(CK)without returning straw to the field is the control group.We determined indicators,agronomic traits,and yield of maize.Determine the farming methods that have a better impact on the physical and chemical properties of the black soil in the eastern foot of the Great Xing’an Mountains and the yield of corn to provide theoretical guidance and practical foundation for improving the fertility of the southern foot of the Greater Xing’an Mountains and realizing sustainable land use.Research indicates:(1)The study of different tillage methods on soil physical properties under the condition of returning straw to the field shows that deep loosening and shallow turning + heavy harrowing treatment can effectively increase the soil large aggregate structure in 0～60cm soil layer.In the0～60cm soil layer,each treatment’s soil bulk density showed that with the increase of the cultivation year,the soil bulk density decreased year by year,while the porosity showed an increasing trend.In a soil layer of 40～60 cm,deep plowing + heavy harrowing,deep loosening + heavy harrowing,and deep loosening shallow plowing + heavy strenuous treatments significantly reduced the bulk density of cultivated land by 11.00%,9.00% and 5.00%,respectively.It increased the soil at the same time ～ total porosity.Research on soil quality and water content shows that the various treatments’ overall soil quality and water content showed a fluctuating upward trend within two years.The overall performance of the treatment soil quality and water content in various regions reached its peak during the grouting period.(2)The study of different tillage methods on the chemical properties of soil under the condition of returning straw to the field showed that the soil organic matter increased rapidly in a short time after returning the straw to the field,and the organic matter level decreased again after a growing season.After harvesting in the 0～40cm soil layer in the first year,SSH,SSS,SH,and SZT treatments significantly reduced soil p H,while SDH,SSH,SSS,and SH treatments increased available phosphorus and total potassium content,SDH,SSH,and SSS treatments could significantly improve the soil The content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available potassium,total nitrogen and total phosphorus.In the second year,the p H of each treatment was lowered after the0～60cm soil layer was harvested.SDH,SSH,and SSS treatments increased the content of soil available nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium,SSH and SSS treatments could significantly increase soil available phosphorus,available potassium,and total potassium.Nitrogen content.(3)Research on corn agronomic traits under different tillage methods under the condition of returning straw to the field showed that,except for no～tillage treatments,the other therapies all showed a decreasing trend,the high～heavy harrowing and rotary tillage treatments in the first year of harvest of corn were significantly lower than CK,Maize ear position high and deep turning +heavy harrowing,deep loosening and shallow turning + heavy strenuous and no～tillage treatments in the second year were all higher than CK,corn in the first year harvesting period was more elevated than CK In the second year,the corn spike and long～heavy rake and rotary tillage treatments were significantly lower than CK,and the other treatments were higher than CK,there was no significant difference in the corn ear length in the first year of harvest,and the corn ear length in the second year The raking and rotary tillage treatments were significantly lower than CK,the corn tassel length in the first year of harvest had no significant difference among the treatments,and the maize ear length and heavy raking and rotary tilling therapies in the second year were significantly lower than CK,Plant fresh weight in each treatment was substantially higher than CK.(4)Research on corn yield characteristics under different tillage methods under the condition of returning straw to the field showed that the corn yield of SSH and SSS treatments was significantly higher than that of SDH,SH,and SRT treatments in the first year and was considerably higher than that of CK,increasing by 5.3% and 0.45% respectively.The annual corn yield of SDH,SSH,and SSS treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and was considerably higher than that of CK,increasing by 13.45%,17.33%,and 17.89% respectively.In summary,the deep loosening + heavy harrowing treatment and the deep loosening shallow turning + heavy harrowing treatment under the condition of returning straw to the field improve the soil structure and increase soil nutrients.Compared with other treatments,the ability to increase the corn yield has reached a significant level.Comprehensive considerations,Under the condition of returning straw to the field,sub～soiling and sub～soiling shallow plowing can be preferred as the cultivation measures for corn planting in the experimental field.