Causes And Countermeasures Of Farmland Abandonment In Scattered Villages From The Perspective Of Farmers

The phenomenon of farmland abandonment in rural areas is not only an economic issue,but also a social issue,which is related to the process of new rural construction and social harmony and stability in rural areas.The abandoned farmland in scattered villages is distributed in a decentralized manner,with relatively fragmented parcels,poor soil quality,and mostly terraced farmland,with large slopes,scarce water sources,remote locations,inconvenient transportation,and prominent contradictions between people and land.Abandonment of farmland not only causes a serious waste of farmland resources,but also affects the stability of rural labor structure and the construction of high-quality farmland,and the ecological environment and socio-economic issues it brings should be highly valued.This article conducted a field survey of Q Village,Ruijin City,Gannan Mountain Area,Jiangxi Province,China.The total population of the entire village in the study area was 669 households,3790 people.A questionnaire survey was conducted on household heads,and a total of 335 samples were collected.In the sample,the population presents a significant aging trend,and the household human resource reserves are relatively rich,but they are mostly engaged in non agricultural activities.From the perspective of farmers’ production,rice and white lotus are the main crops grown locally,and the ripening system is mostly one or two crops a year.The planting scale of respondents is generally small,and farmers with finely divided plots have low satisfaction with the quality of farmland.Agricultural production methods are mainly hand sowing and machine farming,supplemented by cattle farming.Obtaining data on the distribution of abandoned farmland by local farmers,using the method of geospatial analysis,the distribution characteristics of abandoned farmland were analyzed from the aspects of topography,farming distance,irrigation water sources,and transportation accessibility;Using Logistic regression model,the factors affecting the distribution of abandoned farmland were analyzed from the perspectives of natural and social factors.Using the Heckman two-stage model method,this paper analyzes the basic characteristics and changing rules of farmland abandonment under different statistical characteristics,and analyzes the influencing factors of farmland abandonment by farmers from the aspects of individual characteristics,family characteristics,farmland characteristics,production characteristics,and policy characteristics.The results show that:(1)From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics,the abandoned farmland in the study area has obvious clustering distribution characteristics.Locational factors are the main factors that affect the abandoned farmland.The probability of abandoned farmland will increase by 0.017%,0.173%,and 0.005% each time the distance from roads,houses,and ditches increases by 1m.The impact of topographical factors on farmland abandonment is not the main aspect.The probability of farmland abandonment increases by 2.313% for each 1m elevation increase,while the impact of slope and aspect on farmland abandonment is not significant.(2)From the perspective of farmers’ survey,39.70% of farmers have abandoned farmland,and most farmers choose to fallow due to insufficient labor force and poor farming conditions.However,with improved infrastructure conditions,they have a strong desire to expand planting.(3)From the perspective of the causes of farmland abandonment,the good health status and high educational level of farmers can easily lead to non agricultural transfer of farmers,which will aggravate the degree of farmland abandonment of farmers;High land integrity and good farming conditions will reduce the phenomenon of abandoned farmland.Land circulation and adequate agricultural subsidies are also important factors in improving the utilization rate of farmland and reducing the abandonment of farmland.The research results provide reference for solving farmers’ farmland abandonment behavior and improving farmers’ farming environment from a village perspective.Aiming at the non agricultural transfer of labor force,it is necessary to comprehensively promote agricultural mechanization and accelerate agricultural and rural modernization;In response to the tight supply and low quality of labor,it is necessary to cultivate new farmers for rural revitalization and ensure that farmers return to their hometown for spring plowing;In view of the inadequate infrastructure,it is necessary to supplement the shortcomings of farmland infrastructure and implement policies to renovate abandoned land due to households;In view of the low land utilization rate,it is necessary to transfer rural land management rights and steadily improve food productivity;Due to the low enthusiasm of farmers in grain cultivation,it is necessary to reasonably raise the purchase price of grain and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm in grain cultivation.