| Since the Reform and Opening up,with the liberalization of relevant systems and policies and the rapid development of urbanization,great changes have taken place in the agricultural industrial structure and the employment structure of farmers.The peasant group began to differentiate from the original homogeneity.the rural-household differentiation is the unification of farmer employment transfer,farmer identity change and farmer quality improvement.rural-household differentiation mainly manifested as horizontal differentiation characterized by occupational differentiation and vertical differentiation characterized by income gap.Different occupational characteristics and income levels of farmers will lead to different allocation of family labor resources,cultivated land resources and family capital investment,which will lead to different ways of using cultivated land.At present,the phenomenon of abandoned cultivated land in my country has expanded from being concentrated in some provinces in the early stage to the whole country,and has spread from barren and broken land in hills and mountains to fertile and contiguous cultivated land.Abandoned cultivated land poses a major threat to the realization of national food security goals.Although the current relevant literature has carried out related research on cultivated land abandonment from multiple perspectives such as natural environment,economic development,labor transfer,agricultural production conditions,and farmers’ characteristics,few literatures have analyzed the mechanism of cultivated land abandonment from the perspective of ruralhousehold differentiation and given relevant empirical tests.Therefore,in the context of maintaining my country’s food security and rural revitalization,it is of great significance to explore the impact of rural-household differentiation on cultivated land abandonment under the background of urbanization,which is of great significance for alleviating cultivated land abandonment.Based on the 493 research group’s survey data of farmer households in Fujian Province in July 2020,this thesis adopts the research paradigm of theoretical analysis-research hypothesisempirical analysis-robustness test from the perspective of farmer households.Based on a systematic review of relevant theories and theoretical analysis,this thesis firstly uses the Logit model,the IV-Probit model and the IV-Tobit model to empirically analyze the influencing factors of rural-household differentiation on whether farmland is abandoned and the scale of farmland abandonment;secondly,from the perspective of farmer heterogeneity From the angle of view,this thesis explores the differences in the abandonment behaviors of low-level and high-level farmers;finally,the mediation effect model is used to analyze the mediating role of collective agricultural productive investment in the impact of rural-household differentiation on farmland abandonment.According to the analysis of the results obtained by the regression model,this thesis mainly summarizes the following relevant research conclusions:（1）Rural-household differentiation has a significant positive effect on farmers’ decision to abandon farmland.For every 1 unit increase in the degree of differentiation of farmers,the probability of farmers choosing to abandon cultivated land increases by 10.1%.At the same time,the age of the household head,the area of arable land,and whether there are wild animals have a significant positive impact on whether the arable land is abandoned.（2）Rural-household differentiation has a significant positive impact on the scale of cultivated land abandonment.Taking into account the problem of sample selection bias and endogeneity,the regression coefficient of the IV-Tobit model is larger than that of the 2SLS model and the Tobit model.Increase by 1%,and the abandonment rate of cultivated land increases by 0.638%.（3）The farmland abandonment behavior of farmers with different degrees of differentiation is heterogeneous.The influence of the main natural endowment conditions for the abandonment of farmers with low differentiation degree and the proportion of nonagricultural income have no significant impact on the rate of farmland abandonment of farmers with low differentiation degree.For households with a high degree of differentiation,the proportion of non-agricultural income has a significant positive impact on the rate of farmland abandonment;compared with households with a high degree of differentiation,farmers with a low degree of differentiation are more sensitive to farmland abandonment and farming conditions.（4）Whether it is for the whole farmer,or for the low-differentiation farmer and the highdifferentiation farmer,the effect of cultivated land transfer on the alleviation of farmland abandonment is not significant.（5）Agricultural productive investment is the mediating variable between the differentiation of farmers and the abandonment of cultivated land.The differentiation of farmers will increase the productive investment in village collective agriculture,thereby reducing the abandonment of cultivated land.However,the mediating effect of the productive investment in village collective agriculture is small,indicating that the capital investment in village collective agriculture has little substitution effect on the labor force of farmers.Therefore,the direct effect of rural-household differentiation is greater than the mediating effect,which leads to the overall positive impact of rural-household differentiation on the scale of farmland abandonment.Based on the above conclusions,this thesis puts forward the following suggestions:（1）Cultivated land resources should be properly adjusted according to the dynamic changes in the degree of differentiation of farmers.The village collective should guide and support the highly differentiated peasant households or the peasant households who have settled in the city in accordance with the principle of voluntariness and compensation to transfer the land contract rights to the low differentiated peasant households or return the contracted land to the collective economic organization,and then the village collective will re-contract to the collective economic organization.Farmers with a low degree of differentiation of cultivated land are required to promote efficient use of cultivated land.（2）On the basis of clarifying land property rights,the government cultivates,improves and regulates the circulation of cultivated land.Through the guidance of the government,the transfer of village collectives,and the contracting of land by enterprises,the cultivated land in the hands of farmers with a high degree of differentiation will be transferred to the village collectives,agricultural enterprises,and farmers with a low degree of differentiation.（3）Improve farmland management conditions,improve scale operation and mechanization level through measures such as changing fields,tidying up fields,regulating canals,and building roads,thereby improving agricultural production efficiency.（4）For farmers with different degrees of differentiation,the focus of measures to alleviate cultivated land abandonment should be different.（5）According to local conditions,farmers are encouraged to develop characteristic planting industry,green agriculture and ecological agriculture,and increase agricultural income.（6）Increase the productive investment in village collective agriculture,give full play to the role of village collective agricultural capital investment as a substitute for the labor force of farmers,and improve the efficiency of capital utilization. |
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