Planning,Design And Evaluation Of Soil And Water Conservation Ecological Landscape In A Typical Small Watershed In Huangqian Based On UAV Aerial Photography

Huangqian watershed is located in the Taishan Yimeng Mountains national key erosion management area,the management of which is an objective need for soil and water conservation ecological environment construction and sustainable socio-economic development.The planning and design of soil and water conservation ecological landscape with small watershed as a unit is the basis of comprehensive soil and water erosion management in Huangqian watershed.Therefore,this study takes Huangqian typical small watershed as the research object,and through the research methods of unmanned aerial photography,digital processing of image data and information extraction,field field research,small watershed planning and design theory,and planning and design benefit evaluation,systematically analyzes the current situation and problems of small watersheds,proposes small watershed soil and water conservation ecological landscape planning and design,and evaluates the post-design effect.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Establish a basic database for planning and design of research area,grasp the current situation of land use,topography and geomorphology of small watersheds,and analyze the advantages and disadvantages.The land use of the small watershed is mainly garden land,with an area of 159.2hm~2,and other land use types such as open woodland,rural settlement and protective forest are mosaic.The average soil erosion modulus is 2647.28t/(km~2·a),and the erosion area is 96.32hm~2;for landscape pattern index analysis,the patch density of the sub-basin is 48.13,the maximum patch index is 78.42,the edge density is 190.79,the shape index of the overall landscape is 8.43,the sub-cone degree is 1.27,the spreading degree is76.61,the combination degree is The proportion of soil erosion area in the small watershed is large,the landscape pattern is unreasonable,the living environment of residents is poor,and the economic structure is single.(2)The design objectives and planning principles of small watersheds are clarified,and the layout division of small watershed soil and water conservation ecological landscape planning and design is constructed.Guided by the principles of soil and water conservation and ecology,we insist on the combination of soil conservation and ecological landscape planning,comprehensive management according to local conditions,and the combination of natural and humanistic landscape,and put forward the general layout of"one belt and four zones".That is:one belt-water system ornamental belt;four zones-soil and water conservation protection forest area,economic fruit forest planting area,picking and sightseeing agricultural area,characteristic village appearance display area.The corresponding soil and water conservation measures arrangement,ecological landscape engineering layout,and economic industry development planning are carried out for each zone.(3)The ecological landscape planning and design for soil and water conservation in the small watershed was evaluated.The current situation of the small watershed was evaluated from the objectives of soil erosion control,ecological landscape construction,environmental improvement of residents and sustainable social development.The score of the small watershed after planning and design was 83.6,which reached the level of excellent.The soil erosion modulus of the small watershed after planning and design decreased to1630.55t/(km~2·a),decline of 38.41%,the landscape pattern was more reasonable,the living environment of residents was improved,and the economic structure was diversified and sustainable.