Study On Measurement And Influencing Factors Of Maize Production Ecological Efficiency In China

The 14 th Five-year Plan and the No.1 document in 2022 reaffirm that green and low-carbon production is still an important direction for China’s future development.However,looking back at the present stage,agricultural production has always been an important source of greenhouse gas emissions.In particular,China’s crop production is excessively dependent on the application of traditional chemical fertilizers and pesticides,which makes food production highly carbon.As one of the three main grain crops in China,corn is an important source of animal feed and industrial raw materials,and occupies an important position in China’s grain structure.In the stage of high-quality economic development in China,the country has carried out structural reform on the agricultural supply side and guided corn planting to improve the yield per unit area and production efficiency with green and low-carbon production mode.However,in recent years,scholars have shown that the rapid development of corn depends on the high input of traditional agricultural materials,so that after the implementation of the policy,there are still problems such as too much proportion in the sown area or output,slow increase of yield per unit area,extensive management and so on.This goes against the goal of developing a high-quality food industry and reducing agricultural pollution.Therefore,how to coordinate the relationship between efficient development of maize production and sustainable resources and environment is particularly important.In view of this background,based on the relevant data of major corn producing areas in 18 provinces from 2004 to 2019,this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes from the ecological status of corn production.Then,the directional distance function based on SBM model was constructed,and the total carbon emission in maize production process was regarded as the undesired output.The malmquist-Luenberger index method was used to calculate the ecological efficiency of maize production in China,and the change characteristics were analyzed.At the same time,de A-Malmquist index was used to measure the traditional production efficiency of output orientation,and the results of the two indexes were compared.Then,Tobit panel model was used to compare and analyze the main influencing factors of corn production ecological efficiency,and combined with the actual situation of each corn growing area,to provide relevant policy suggestions for promoting China’s corn production to achieve green and low-carbon production.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows.(1)The ecological efficiency of maize production in China showed the characteristics of slow increase after repeated fluctuations,and the overall fluctuation range was large,but presented a state of gradual optimization;(2)On the whole,corn production efficiency in China is overestimated without considering environmental factors,and corn production and operation in China is still in an extensive operation at the expense of the environment;(3)From the perspective of different planting regions,the overall ecological efficiency of the northern planting region increased positively,and the increase of ecological efficiency mainly depended on the improvement of input technology level;The overall ecological efficiency of the central planting region showed negative growth,and the technology use efficiency decreased significantly,and the production of corn industry in most provinces and cities was still in the traditional way of high carbon.In the western region,the ecological efficiency increased slowly and the technology input was insufficient,but the technology use efficiency was high and there was a lot of room for improvement.(4)By analyzing the influencing factors of maize production ecological efficiency in China,it is found that industrial structure and environmental protection input have a significant positive impact,while urbanization level,financial input,machinery density and disaster rate have a significant negative impact;Compared with the results of traditional factors affecting production efficiency,the urbanization level and environmental protection input are consistent with ecological efficiency,but the industrial structure and ecological governance level are different.