| Aiming at the problems of arid climate,shortage of water resources and low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer in Turpan-Hami Area,Perennial‘Thompson Seedless’was used as test material.Three gradient water and fertilizer treatments were set in the leaf spreading stage,and three gradient water and fertilizer treatments were added on the basis of each treatment in the leaf spreading stage in the expansion stage.A total of 9 treatments,each with three replicates,were carried out in the field water and fertilizer synergistic experiment.The effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on source-sink characteristics of grape were studied,and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of grape were coordinated,and the optimal water and fertilizer irrigation management mode was obtained.The results are as follows.1.Too low and too high water and fertilizer use can limit the physiological growth of plants.The leaf area index(LAI)of grape increased rapidly at leaf spreading stage.The LAI of W9N9 treatment was the largest,reaching 5.11.The SPAD value of grape first increased rapidly,then stabilized and finally decreased slightly.The SPAD value of W5N5 treatment was the largest.The diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate of grape leaves showed a bimodal curve pattern in the whole growth period,and the diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate was larger in the expansion period and the smallest in the maturity period.The accumulation of raisin matter mass was the fastest in the swelling stage,which was directly related to the photosynthetic rate of leaves.The accumulation of dry matter in W5N5 treatment was higher than that in other treatments.2.Lack of water and fertilizer supply in expansion stage would obviously inhibit the growth rate of fruit grains.The single grain weight of W5N5 treatment was the largest,reaching 2.25g.The fruit shape index of W5N5 treatment reached 1.38 at maturity,which was superior to other treatments.In vegetative growth stage,the treatment of lack of water and fertilizer is more serious in fruit setting stage,and the number and weight of grape ears are lower.The dry matter quality of grape fruit in the middle and high water and fertilizer treatments in vegetative growth period increased first and then decreased with the increase of water and fertilizer dosage.3.Appropriate LAI can effectively improve the yield and quality of grapes.The single grain weight can not determine the influence on grape yield and quality.The regression equation between source-sink relationship and grape yield was established.It was found that there was a significant correlation between source-sink ratio and grape yield.Appropriate source-sink ratio was beneficial to improve grape yield.When the source-sink ratio was 7.5,the maximum yield was 24482.32 kg/hm~2.There is no significant correlation between source-sink ratio and grape quality,which shows that the quality changes of each treatment cannot be determined from the source-sink relationship alone.4.The grape yield of the treatments without water and fertilizer in vegetative growth period was less than that of other treatments.The yield of W5N5 treatment was the largest,reaching 24482.32 kg/hm~2.The maximum value of fruit hardness,soluble solids and reducing sugar were obtained in W5N5 treatment.The solid acid ratio was better in W5N5 treatment,and the fruit taste was better.Titratable acid and vitamin C increased gradually with the increase of water and fertilizer.Through the principal component analysis of the quality of swelling stage and ripening stage,the results showed that W5N5 treatment had the highest score of comprehensive quality in both stages,which indicated that W5N5 treatment was more suitable for grape growth.In conclusion,W5N5 treatment is better than other treatments on the source-sink characteristics,so irrigation quota of 8925 m~3/hm~2,fertilization amount of 240 kg/hm~2 is the best combination of water and fertilizer,which is of great significance for guiding agricultural production in the future. |
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